Modelling and Simulations of Nano-biosensor for Protein Sensing

自20世纪90年代中村中村发明蓝色发光二极管（LED）以来，氮化镓（GaN）基器件已成为医疗诊断、光谱学和量子应用的关键部件。GaN LED已经在可见光通信等主题中进行了广泛的研究，然而GaN激光二极管由于更高的调制能力和更高的输出功率而变得更加有利。这些激光器在自由空间和光纤中有应用;然而，在水下环境中也有关键作用，用于海底通信。由于光谱的蓝色/绿色部分在水中的低衰减，GaN激光二极管是低成本、高速水下数据传输的最佳候选者。现有的水声通信系统大多采用水声通信方式，但由于水声信道带宽有限、信号衰减大、运行成本高等问题，使得水声通信技术存在诸多困难。为了增强自主水下航行器（AUV）之间的通信，允许海底监测以及改进石油和天然气勘探和对接系统，需要更快的数据速率。目前，兆比特每秒的数据速率是可以实现的，但是通过转向GaN光学系统，可以实现每秒数千兆比特的数据速率，为新的水下应用打开大门。该项目将专注于分布式反馈激光器，它可以瞄准非常精确的发射波长，并将包括使用LaserMOD和Lumerical等程序设计和建模设备性能，在James Watt Nanofabstract中心制造设备，并最终表征用于通信系统的设备。系统级测试将研究多个激光器的使用和利用不同的调制方案。

Since Shuji Nakamura invented the blue light-emitting diode (LED) in the 1990s, gallium nitride (GaN)-based devices have become key components in medical diagnostics, spectroscopy and quantum applications. GaN LEDs have found extensive research in topics such as visible light communications, however GaN laser diodes are becoming more favourable due to higher modulation capability and higher output powers. These lasers find applications in free space and fibre; however, also have a key role in underwater environments for subsea communication. Due to the low attenuation in water in the blue/green part of the spectrum, GaN laser diodes are the best candidates for low-cost, high speed data transmission underwater. Many current systems use acoustics to communicate underwater, however due to the limited bandwidth, strong signal attenuation and high running costs, this technique has several difficulties. In order to enhance communication between autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), allow for seafloor monitoring as well as improving oil and gas exploration and docking systems, faster data rates are required. Currently, megabit per second data rates are achievable, however by moving to GaN optical systems, data rates reaching multiple gigabits per second can be realised, opening doors to new underwater applications. This project will focus on distributed feedback lasers which can target very precise emission wavelengths and will consist of design and modelling device performance using programs such as LaserMOD and Lumerical, fabricating devices in the James Watt Nanofabrication Centre and ultimately characterising devices for use in communication systems. System level testing will be investigated looking at the use of multiple lasers and exploiting different modulation schemes.