AUSTRALIAN CHILDREN OF ALCOHOLIC FEMALE TWINS

这种竞争性延续请求的目的是研究遗传和家庭的作用。 环境的影响，以及它们之间的相互作用，在酒精使用障碍（AUD）的发展和过程中。这是要实现使用的研究策略，包括3个新的特点：（a）使用不经常实施，但强大的双胞胎（COT）的设计，涉及双胞胎谁是一致或不一致的AUD以及控制对;（B）评估酗酒母亲的子女;（c）采用前瞻性设计，可以描述从青春期前到20岁后期的后代发展。COT设计特别适合于研究与母亲酗酒相关的环境变量，因为遗传影响的统计控制嵌入在设计中，提供了分离与酒精问题的发展在病因学上相关的环境变量的机会。它也非常适合检测遗传传递对父母AUDs和后代其他疾病（例如注意缺陷多动障碍，ADHD）之间的关联的贡献，以及潜在的基因型x环境相互作用效应。对双胞胎母亲的评估将填补该领域的一个重要研究需求，并将允许与我们的MARC附属研究进行比较，这些研究涉及相同的设计，但基于双胞胎父亲。最后，我们的纵向，前瞻性设计将允许我们 与仅使用横断面研究的回顾性数据相比，对AUD的发展做出更有力的陈述。在续约期间，我们将继续扩大招募工作，扩大我们的资格标准，包括子女年龄最小为7岁的母亲。通过这样做，我们将能够确认或否定我们基于双胞胎母亲关于其青少年和年轻成年后代的儿童早期发病疾病（ADHD，对立违抗性障碍[ODD]，行为障碍[CD]）的回顾性报告的新兴数据。我们将继续通过母亲访谈（9-18岁的后代）和后代访谈（11-30岁）进行随访评估。在续约结束时 在此期间，样本将足够大，以使复杂的横截面和纵向分析有坚实的基础。

The goal of this competing continuation request is to examine the role of genetic and family environmental influences, and their interaction, in the development and course of alcohol use disorders (AUD). This is to be achieved using a research strategy that incorporates 3 novel features: (a) use of the infrequently implemented yet powerful children of twins (COT) design involving twins who are concordant or discordant for-AUD as well as control pairs; (b) assessment of children of alcoholic mothers; (c) use of a prospective design which allows for the description of offspring development from preadolescence through the late twenties. The COT design is particularly well suited for studying environmental variables associated with maternal alcoholism in that statistical controls for genetic influences are embedded within the design, providing the opportunity to isolate environmental variables that are etiologically relevant to the development of alcohol problems. It is also well suited for detecting the contribution of genetic transmission to the association between AUDs in parents, and other disorders in offspring (e.g. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, ADHD), as well as potential genotype x environment interaction effects. The assessment of twin mothers will fill an important research need in the field and will allow for comparisons with our MARC-affiliated studies involving the same design but based on twin fathers. Finally, our longitudinal, prospective design will allow us to make much stronger statements concerning the development of AUD than would be possible using only retrospective data from a cross-sectional study. During the renewal period, we will continue to expand our recruitment efforts, broadening our eligibility criteria to include mothers with offspring as young as 7 years. In so doing we will be able to confirm or disconfirm our emerging data based on retrospective reports of twin mothers about their adolescent and young adult offspring on disorders with early childhood onset (ADHD, Oppositional Defiant Disorder [ODD], conduct disorder [CD]). We will continue follow-up assessments by maternal interview (offspring aged 9-18) and offspring interview (aged 11-30). By the end of the renewal period, samples will be sufficiently large so that complex cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses will be firmly based.