Etiology and Consequences of Adolescent Drug Use(K05)

描述(由申请人提供)： 这是重新提交的竞争延续申请的特别服务协议。主要目标是扩大对以下方面的研究：(1)涉及成人烟草和药物使用/滥用/依赖的风险和保护因素，直至中年早期；(2)测试烟草和药物使用/滥用/依赖途径的模型；(3)风险和保护因素的交互影响；以及(4)烟草和药物使用对青少年和成人功能的影响。为了实现这一目标，我将通过以下方式扩大先前的研究：(1)包括市中心青少年和父母吸毒者的样本；(2)比较烟草和药物使用/滥用/依赖的病因，及其与精神病理学的关系；(3)研究易吸毒特征的代内和代间传播；(4)研究与烟草和药物使用/滥用/依赖有关的文化因素；(5)研究遗传和环境因素对药物使用/滥用/依赖的相互作用；以及(6)研究与艾滋病传播行为和应对艾滋病有关的因素。为了实现这些目标，一项综合研究方案正在进行中，涉及五个得到资助的大型项目：研究1A和1B：对976名1-10岁至中年早期儿童及其母亲的纵向研究；研究2A和2B：对非裔美国人和波多黎各市中心青年及其母亲的研究；研究3：对研究2A中最初研究儿童的324名后代进行的多代研究；研究4：对12-17岁南非黑人和白人青少年的研究；研究5：对500名使用艾滋病毒+和艾滋病毒注射毒品的男性父亲及其子女的研究；研究P1：儿童时期吸毒/滥用的因素研究，一直持续到中年早期；研究P2：与吸毒有关的基因-环境相互作用研究。这一综合研究计划的主要意义在于，它解决了物质使用领域的许多关键问题(例如，在儿童到成年的整个发育过程中，烟草和药物使用的风险是什么；在不同的人群中，什么可以防止这些风险，包括那些与艾滋病传播有关的风险；如何阻止风险从一代传递到下一代；以及与戒烟和药物使用相关的因素是什么。)K05将使我能够将我的时间和精力投入到研究目标上，如实质性和方法性的发展，指导活动(30%的时间)，包括对医学生和初级教师的指导，以及我自己的职业发展。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This is a resubmission of a competing continuation application for a SSA. The major goals are to extend research on: (1) risk and protective factors involved in adult tobacco and drug use/abuse/dependence, extending into early mid-life; (2) testing models of pathways to tobacco and drug use/abuse/dependence; (3) interactive effects of risk and protective factors; and (4) consequences of tobacco and drug use on adolescent and adult functioning. To achieve this, I wilt expand prior research by: (1) including samples of inner-city youngsters and parental drug abusers; (2) comparing the etiologies of tobacco and drug use/abuse/dependence, and their relation to psychopathology; (3) studying the intra- and intergenerational transmission of drug-prone characteristics; (4) examining cultural factors associated with tobacco and drug use/abuse/dependence; (5) studying the interaction of genetic and environmental factors on drug use/abuse/dependence; and (6) examining factors related to AIDS transmission behavior and coping with AIDS. In order to achieve these goals, an integrated program of research is underway, involving five funded large-scale projects: Studies 1A and 1B: Longitudinal studies of 976 children from ages 1-10 to early mid-life and their mothers; Studies 2A and 2B: Studies of African-American and Puerto Rican inner city youth and their mothers; Study 3: A multigenerational study of 324 offspring of the original study children in Study 2A; Study 4: A study of Black and White South African adolescents, age 12-17; Study 5: A study of 500 male HIV+ and HIV- injection drug-using fathers and their children; Study P1: A study of childhood factors for drug use/abuse extending into early mid-life, and Study P2: A study of gene-environment interactions related to drug use. The major significance of this program of integrated research is that it addresses many critical issues in the field of substance use (e.g., what are the risks for tobacco and drug use throughout the developmental span of childhood to adulthood; what can protect against these risks in different populations, including those implicated in the spread of AIDS; how can one break the transmission of risk from one generation to the next; and what are the factors associated with cessation of tobacco and drug use.) The K05 will enable me to devote my time and energy to research goals such as substantive and methodological development, mentoring activities (30% time), including guidance of medical students and junior faculty, and my own career development.