Precription Opioid Effects in Drug and Non-drug Abusers

描述（由研究者提供）：处方阿片类药物滥用正成为日益普遍和严重的公共卫生问题。2001年关于药物滥用问题的全国家庭调查报告显示，2000年因非医疗原因首次使用处方类阿片药物的人数达到200万，这一数字自1984年以来增加了五倍，2002年药物滥用预警网络报告显示，1994年至2001年期间，急诊部门提到几种处方类阿片药物的次数增加了一倍以上。尽管有这些趋势，但很少有实验研究指向了解谁可能滥用这些药物，以及在什么条件下滥用这些药物。目前的申请将在两个独立的研究中检查两种常用的阿片类药物（羟考酮、可待因）的强化、主观、性能和生理效应。由于目前尚不清楚滥用处方阿片类药物的人群，因此将对药物滥用者和非药物滥用者的药物效果进行比较。由于尚不清楚在什么条件下使用这些药物，羟考酮和可待因的效果将在存在和不存在实验引起的疼痛的情况下进行研究。对于每项研究，一个介于[药物使用史（药物滥用者，非药物滥用者）]和两个受试者内变量[疼痛状况（疼痛，无疼痛）；将检查药物剂量（安慰剂、低剂量、高剂量）。因为之前的研究已经显示了对阿片类药物反应的性别差异，我们将尝试在每项研究中招募相同数量的男性和女性，以便我们可以对羟考酮和可待因反应的性别差异进行探索性分析。这些研究的结果将提供关于谁可能滥用处方阿片类药物的重要信息，并将更好地了解可能影响滥用这些药物倾向的几个重要变量。

DESCRIPTION (provided by investigator): Prescription opioid abuse is becoming an increasingly widespread and serious public health concern. The 2001 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse report revealed that the number of first-time users of prescription opioid medications for non-medical reasons reached 2.0 million in the year 2000, a number that has quintupled since 1984, and the 2002 Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) report showed that the number of emergency department mentions of several prescription opioid medications more than doubled between 1994 and 2001. Despite these trends, little experimental research has been directed towards understanding who may be abusing these medications, and under what conditions. The current application will examine the reinforcing, subjective, performance, and physiological effects of two commonly prescribed opioid medications (oxycodone, codeine) in two separate studies. Because it is not clear who is abusing prescription opioids, the medication effects will be compared in drug abusers and non-drug abusers. And because it is not clear under what conditions these medications are used, the effects of oxycodone and codeine will be examined in the presence and absence of experimentally-induced pain. For each study, one between- [drug use history (drug abusers, non-drug abusers)] and two within-subjects variables [pain condition (pain, no pain); medication dose (placebo, low, high dose)] will be examined. Because previous studies have shown sex differences in response to opioid medications, we will attempt to enroll equivalent numbers of men and women in each study so that we can conduct exploratory analyses of sex differences in response to oxycodone and codeine. The results of these studies will yield important information about who may be abusing prescription opioid medications, and will provide a better understanding of several important variables that may influence the propensity to abuse these medications.