Exploring the Role of Urban Density in Social Housing through Graphic Anthropology in Belfast, UK

一个多世纪以来，城市密度一直是城市研究的核心。通常以每平方公里的居民数量或住房单位来衡量，最近的学术研究侧重于对密度的更详细、定性的理解，从20世纪90年代的“紧凑型城市”的概念，到“超级多样性”和“温和密度”的概念。方法-该项目将采用混合方法，使用定量和定性方法来分析北爱尔兰不同密度的社会住房开发中的密度和混合用途。该项目将从对社会住房、混合用途和密度及其在国际和北爱尔兰随时间变化的历史分析开始。对北爱尔兰社会住房和规划政策的批判性阅读将使学生了解当前的制度及其对现实世界的影响。将与其他国家的政策进行比较。我们建议使用定量方法来研究贝尔法斯特一些社会住房发展的城市形态，通过分析和绘制特征，如：面积、人口、密度、建筑高度、类型、混合使用水平、服务提供、可用户外空间和项目质量（Aurand, 2010; Rowley, 1996; Grant, 2002）。我们希望借此了解社会房屋发展的占用模式。为了帮助研究，将分析和评估其他政府和专业人士（Berghauser-Pont and Haupt, 2010）对密度和混合用途的定量分析。对于定性分析，我们将使用图形人种学方法来调查城市街区、街道、地块和建筑物内的密度和混合用途（Porta和Romice， 2017）。这将包括采访居民，并在一些社会住房开发项目中花费时间，制作图纸来说明和分析该地区（Lucas, 2020）。视觉人类学（Pink, 2007）使用摄影和电影来理解社会和人类学现象，而图形人类学则使用绘画来对地点、记忆和归属等概念进行“厚描述”。通过将其与建筑的表现和分析方法相结合，我们的目标是获得对案例研究的生活经验的丰富理解。在客观分析和解释为建筑图纸之前，研究中的对话和观察将被记录和分类。通过分析城市形态和提供服务的水平，我们可以了解这些社会住房发展的占用模式。另一方面，通过选择这些案例研究中的民族志和图形人类学的练习，我们可以更密切地了解这些密度模式的生活经验。定量和定性方法将被三角化，以找出方法和结果之间的关系。将图形民族志工作与定量分析进行比较，以确定城市特征与生活经验之间的相关性，从而确定前者对后者的影响。研究结果将与北爱尔兰的规划政策进行比较，以了解发展如何对政策作出反应，以及它们是否达到了政策的目标。我们将探讨政策如何演变，以改善社会房屋发展的生活质素，同时可持续地满足未来的需求。还将对北爱尔兰和欧洲其他最佳实践进行比较，目的是为北爱尔兰未来的社会住房和密度政策提出建议。地理区域-贝尔法斯特，北爱尔兰按部门划分的项目参与-住房时间段- 1970年代-2020年代

Urban density has been central to the study of cities for over a century. Usually measured as number of inhabitants, or units of housing, per km2, recent scholarship has focused on a more detailed, qualitative understanding of density, moving from the idea of the 'compact city' in the 1990s, to ideas of 'superdiversity' and 'gentle density'. Approach - The project will use a mixed-method approach, using both quantitative and qualitative methods to analyse density and mixed-use in social housing developments, of varying density, in Northern Ireland. The project will begin with historic analysis of social housing, mixed-use and density and their changes over time, both internationally and in Northern Ireland. The critical reading of Northern Irish social housing and planning policies will give an understanding of the current systems and their real-world impact. A comparison will be made to policies in other countries.We propose to use quantitative methods to study the urban morphology of a number of social housing developments in Belfast, by analysing and mapping characteristics such as: area, population, density, building height, typology, level of mixed use, provision of services, available outdoor space and the quality of the projects (Aurand, 2010; Rowley, 1996; Grant, 2002). We hope to gain an understanding of the patterns of occupation of the social housing developments. To aid the research, the quantitative analysis of density and mixed-use by other governments and professionals (Berghauser-Pont and Haupt, 2010) will be analysed and evaluated.For the qualitative analysis, we will use graphic ethnography methodologies to investigate density and mixed-use, within the urban block, street, plot and building (Porta and Romice, 2017). This will involve interviewing residents and spending time in a number of social housing developments, producing drawings to illustrate and analyse the area (Lucas, 2020). Visual anthropology (Pink, 2007) has used photography and film to understand social and anthropological phenomena, while graphic anthropology uses drawing to make 'thick descriptions' about ideas of place, memory and belonging. By combining this with architectural methods of representation and analysis, we aim to gain a rich understanding of the lived experience of the case studies. The conversations and observations from the research will be recorded and categorised before being objectively analysed and interpreted into architectural drawings. By analysing the urban morphology and level of provision of services, we can gain an understanding of the patterns of occupation of these social housing developments. On the other hand, by exercises of ethnography and graphic anthropology in a selection of these case studies, we can understand the lived experience of these patterns of density more closely. The quantitative and qualitative methodologies will be triangulated to find a relationship between the methods and results. The graphic ethnography work will be compared with the quantitative analysis to identify a correlation between the urban characteristics and the lived experiences, and therefore the effect of the former on the latter. The findings will be compared to Northern Irish planning policy to see how the developments responded to the policy and whether they met the policy's goals. We will explore how the policies could evolve, to improve quality of life in social housing developments while also sustainably meeting future demand. A comparison will also be made between Northern Ireland and other best-practice examples from across Europe with the aim to make recommendations for future social housing and density policies in Northern Ireland.Geographical Area - Belfast, Northern IrelandProject Engagement by Sector - HousingTime Period - 1970s-2020s