The role of racialized urban planning in shaping inequitable urban food environments and obesity disparities

种族化城市规划在塑造不公平的城市食品环境和肥胖差异中的作用

• 批准号: 10508915
• 负责人: Jessica C Jones-Smith
• 金额: $ 25.33万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-16 至 2024-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10508915
• 关键词: Address; Adopted; Americas; Area; Attention; Black American; Black Populations; Black race; Body mass index; Businesses; Categories; Censuses; Characteristics; Cities; Color; Communities; Consequentialism; Data; Degenerative polyarthritis; Development; Diabetes Mellitus; Economics; Environment; Exposure to; Federal Aid; Federal Government; Food; Funding; Future; Geography; Grant; Growth; Health; Home; Housing; Hypertension; Individual; Interview; Investigation; Investments; Link; Local Government; Longevity; Longitudinal cohort; Maps; Measures; Mental Depression; Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis; National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities; Neighborhoods; Newspapers; Obesity; Obesity Epidemic; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Persons; Plant Roots; Policies; Population; Production; Public Health; Quality of life; Racial Equity; Research; Research Project Grants; Risk Factors; Role; Sample Size; Shapes; Slum; Structural Racism; System; United States National Institutes of Health; Urban Renewal; Work; base; cohort; deprivation; disorder risk; economic indicator; experience; feasibility testing; food environment; health data; health disparity; health equity; informant; interest; multidisciplinary; multiple chronic conditions; nutritional epidemiology; obesity prevention; obesity risk; obesogenic; public health intervention; racial disparity; recruit; residential segregation; segregation; social epidemiology; spatiotemporal; tool; urban planning

PROJECT SUMMARY Black Americans experience a disproportionate burden of obesity, one of the most significant public health challenges of the 21st century. Obesity is a major risk factor for multiple chronic conditions, including diabetes, hypertension, osteoarthritis, and depression, and is associated with a lower quality of life and shortened life span. Despite decades of public health interventions to address this problem, racial disparities in obesity persist and, in some cases, are widening. Substantial evidence shows that neighborhood environments, including segregation, deprivation, and food environments are associated with obesity risk and that these neighborhood characteristics vary systematically between Black and White populations. However, a critical scientific gap remains in understanding the root cause of obesity among communities of color – structural racism. The impact of structural racism vis-à-vis historical racialized policies and urban planning decisions on current day inequitable food environments and obesity disparities has received little systematic investigation. We propose to examine three historical racialized policies and practices, starting in the late 1930s – redlining, “slum” clearance, and highway placement – that have been hypothesized to have cemented residential racial segregation and maintained an advantaged status of White populations by limiting commercial, housing, and economic opportunities afforded to Black populations. To our knowledge, no studies have investigated these racialized policies as structural determinants of obesity disparities. Our aims are to: 1) determine the extent to which cumulative exposure to redlining category (red, yellow, blue, green), “slum” clearance, and highway development is associated with contemporaneous and longitudinal change in racial composition, economic indicators, and food environments of neighborhoods; 2) examine the historical and contemporary sociopolitical context of these three racialized policies through qualitative analysis of city comprehensive plans, newspaper media, and key informant interviews; and 3) examine the extent to which cumulative neighborhood-level exposure to these three racialized policies is associated with increases in BMI and risk of obesity. We are proposing a short-term, developmental R21 research grant to test the feasibility of linking newly compiled spatial and contextual urban planning and policy data with the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort, which contains in-depth, longitudinal health data for people who were initially recruited from six cities. Findings from this work will be consequential for refocusing scientific attention on upstream causes of obesogenic environments and obesity disparities, and identifying structural solutions to advance racial equity in obesity prevention. In the future, we will build on this developmental grant (R21 proposal) with additional cohorts that include BMI and diabetes health data in different cities to expand the sample size and geographic scope.

项目摘要 美国黑人经历了不成比例的肥胖负担，这是最重要的公共健康问题之一。 世纪的挑战。肥胖是多种慢性疾病的主要危险因素，包括糖尿病， 高血压、骨关节炎和抑郁症，并且与较低的生活质量和缩短的寿命相关。 尽管几十年来一直在采取公共卫生干预措施来解决这一问题，但肥胖症的种族差异仍然存在， 在某些情况下，正在扩大。大量证据表明，社区环境，包括 隔离、剥夺和食物环境与肥胖风险有关， 在黑人和白色人群之间，这些特征有系统的差异。然而，一个关键的科学差距 仍然是在了解肥胖的根本原因之间的社区的颜色-结构种族主义。的影响 结构性种族主义维斯历史上的种族化政策和当今不公平的城市规划决定 食物环境和肥胖差异很少得到系统的调查。我们建议研究 三个历史性的种族化政策和做法，从20世纪30年代末开始-红线，“贫民窟”清除， 高速公路安置-已被假设为巩固住宅种族隔离， 通过限制商业、住房和经济发展， 为黑人提供了机会。据我们所知，没有研究调查这些种族化的 政策是肥胖差距的结构性决定因素。我们的目标是：1）确定在多大程度上 累计暴露于红线类别（红色、黄色、蓝色、绿色）、“贫民窟”清理和公路开发 与种族构成、经济指标和 社区的食物环境; 2）研究这些社区的历史和当代社会政治背景 通过定性分析城市总体规划、报纸媒体、重点媒体等三种民族化政策， 线人访谈;和3）检查在多大程度上累积邻里水平暴露于这三个 种族化的政策与BMI和肥胖风险的增加有关。我们建议短期内， 发展R21研究补助金，以测试新编制的空间和背景城市连接的可行性 多种族动脉粥样硬化研究（梅萨）队列的规划和政策数据，其中包含深入， 最初从六个城市招募的人的纵向健康数据。这项工作的结果将是 这对于将科学注意力重新集中在致胖环境和肥胖的上游原因上是重要的 差异，并确定结构性解决方案，以促进肥胖预防中的种族平等。未来我们 将在此发展补助金（R21提案）的基础上，增加包括BMI和糖尿病健康在内的其他队列 不同城市的数据，以扩大样本规模和地理范围。