SHORT-TERM TRAINING FOR MINORITY STUDENTS

描述（由申请人提供）：美国儿科学会/儿科研究学会的暑期研究项目成立于1991年，目的是招募和培训高素质的医科学生，使他们成为儿科临床科学家。该计划是专门为在医学院以外的机构寻求研究机会的学生设计的。学生们将在其中一个参与实验室（目前有559个）的一位经验丰富的科学家的监督下工作8到10周，进行与儿科学有关的研究。我们向美国和加拿大所有医学院的学生征求申请，并专门招募代表性不足的少数民族学生，鼓励他们申请。申请由六人指导委员会评估，最终排名准备，排名最高的学生与各自的导师和实验室相匹配，正如他们在申请中所表明的那样。这些学生每月可获得1513美元的补贴。迄今为止，该计划已收到1359份申请，453名学生已经参加或计划参加今年（2002年）夏季。1994年之前没有要求申请人自我认同种族群体，但98名随后参与的学生自我认同为代表性不足的少数民族（非裔美国人、西班牙裔或太平洋岛民）。此外，女性申请者和男性参与者的比例为1.5比1。通过问卷调查，学生和研究导师压倒性地报告说，这个项目提供的独特机会是非常积极的。在短期内很难获得项目成功的客观衡量标准。学生参与项目的典型时期是在医学院一年级和二年级之间的夏季，这段时间与建立独立的研究生涯间隔了9年或更长时间。培训补助金机制的设计没有包括对计划效果的客观评价；然而，对pubmed可检索引文的系统搜索显示，1991-2000年参与该计划的363名学生发表了330篇论文，而819名非参与申请人发表了254篇论文。值得注意的是，参加该项目的非裔美国学生发表至少一篇pubmed可检索论文的可能性是未参加该项目的非裔美国学生的四倍。在那些在医学教育上取得足够进步，可以选择住院医师的学生中，该计划的参与者选择儿科住院医师的比例远远超过全国平均水平（11%）的两倍。此外，完成儿科住院医师培训的参与学生进入儿科专科培训项目的比例（36%）远高于全国平均水平22%。因此，数据表明，该计划对招募和培训未来的儿科临床医生和科学家做出了重大贡献，特别是在以前未被充分代表的少数民族和妇女中。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The Summer Research Program of the American Pediatric Society/Society for Pediatric Research was instituted in 1991, with the goal of recruiting and training highly qualified medical students for careers as pediatric clinician scientists. The Program is designed specifically for students seeking a research opportunity at an institution other than the medical school they attend. Students spend 8 to 10 weeks working under the supervision of an experienced scientist in one of the participating laboratories (559 at the present time) conducting research related to pediatrics. Applications are solicited from students at all medical schools in the US and Canada, and underrepresented minority students are recruited specifically and encouraged to apply. Applications are evaluated by a six-member Steering Committee, a final ranking is prepared, and the top-ranked students are matched with their respective mentors and laboratories, as they indicate on their applications. The students are paid $1,513 per month to help cover expenses. To date, the program has received 1359 applications, and 453 students have participated or are scheduled to participate this (2002) summer. Ethnic group self-identification was not requested of applicants prior to 1994, but 98 subsequent participating students self-identified as underrepresented minorities (African-American, Hispanic, or Pacific Islander). In addition, female applicants outnumber male applicants and participants at ratios of 1.5 to 1. By questionnaire, students and research mentors overwhelmingly report that the unique opportunities provided by this Program are strongly positive. Objective measures of Program success are more difficult to acquire in the short term The typical period of participation by the student, in the summer between his/her first and second years of medical school, is separated from the establishment of an independent research career by nine years or more. The training grant mechanism is not designed to include objective evaluations of program effects; however, a systematic search of PubMed-retrievable citations showed that 363 students participating in the Program from 1991-2000 published 330 papers, whereas 254 papers were identified as attributable to 819 non-participant applicants. Notably, African-American students who participated in the Program were four times as likely to have published at least one PubMed-retrievable paper as were African-American applicants who did not participate. Of the students who have progressed in their medical educations far enough to select residencies, participants in the Program have chosen Pediatric Residencies at well over twice the national average of 11%. Further, participant students who have completed Pediatric residencies have entered Pediatric subspecialty training programs at a rate (36%) well above the national average of 22%. The data thus indicate that the Program is contributing significantly to the recruitment and training of future pediatric clinician-scientists, particularly among previously underrepresented ethnic groups and women.