Demographic Responses to Community and Family Context

描述(由申请者提供)：这个项目考察了家庭和社区环境如何相互作用，影响死亡率、婚姻和生殖。在考察家庭背景的影响时，它超越了父母和其他近亲的特征的影响，将重点放在居住在其他家庭甚至社区的亲属的作用上。在考察社区背景的影响时，它超越了地理和经济特征的考虑，将重点放在社区社会组织上。受关于社区的社会学文献的最新发展的启发，它评估了居民也通过亲属关系联系在一起的社区是否具有更高的集体效能水平和更好的公共产品提供，从而导致更有利的人口结果。为了检验关于家庭变化和变异决定因素的理论，该研究还考察了观察到的家庭和社区背景影响模式如何随着社会、经济和政治背景中的长期变化和地理变化而变化。这项研究使用了有史以来针对历史和当代人口编制的最大、最长、最详细的面板数据集-从1650年到现在生活在中国东北部的30万人，跨越了长达17代人。该项目将来自历史户籍的130万个个人层面的现有核心数据与家族谱系的记录以及对这些人、他们在17世纪在该地区定居的开国祖先以及他们在20世纪的后代的回顾调查联系起来，产生一个单一的矩形文件，用于分析。这些数据补充了社区、地区和省一级关于社会、经济和政治状况的信息。对家庭和社区背景对人口和社会结果的影响的衡量采用了事件历史技术。固定效应模型和随机效应模型被用来解释不同水平上的个人之间的相关性，包括居住家庭、后裔群体、社区和地区。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project examines how family and community context interact to shape mortality, marriage, and reproduction. In examining the influence of family context, it moves beyond effects of characteristics of parents and other close relatives to focus on the role of kin living in other households and even communities. In examining the influence of community context, it moves beyond consideration of geographic and economic characteristics to focus on community social organization. Inspired by recent developments in the sociological literature on neighborhoods, it assesses whether or not communities where residents were also bound together by kinships ties had higher levels of collective efficacy and better provision of public goods that resulted in more favorable demographic outcomes. To test theories about the determinants of family change and variation, the research also examines how observed patterns of family and community contextual effects vary in response to secular changes and geographic variation in social, economic, and political context. The research makes use of one of the largest, longest, and most detailed panel data sets ever compiled for an historical and contemporary population - 300,000 individuals who lived in northeast China from 1650 to the present over as many as seventeen generations. The project links existing core data from 1.3 million individual-level observations from historical household registers, to records from family genealogies, and retrospective surveys of these same individuals, their founding ancestors who settled the area in the seventeenth century, and their twentieth-century descendants, to produce a single, rectangular file for analysis. These data are supplemented with information at the community, regional, and provincial level on social, economic, and political conditions. Measurements of the influence of family and community context on demographic and social outcomes apply event-history techniques. Fixed- and random-effect models are used to account for correlations among individuals at different levels, including the Residential household, descent group, community, and region.