Nanoscale quantum physics and quantum information processing with semiconductor quantum dots

这是一项半导体基础物理和应用量子技术领域的实验研究项目。半导体量子点被称为人造原子，是能够捕获单个电子的纳米尺寸的半导体晶体。这些纳米结构为开发新一代量子计算和通信设备带来了巨大的希望。电子的量子磁(自旋)态可以存储和处理量子信息，其效率是任何经典数字计算机都无法达到的。发达的半导体技术和小尺寸的量子点为大规模集成量子电路提供了途径。最近半导体纳米技术的突破导致了新一代量子点的发展，在这种量子点中，减少的内部应变不仅可以利用电子，还可以利用晶格的亚原子磁态来处理量子信息。这个项目的最初目标将是探索量子相干和纠缠的基本物理。紧随其后的是原型量子计算协议和设备的开发。这项工作将在一个最先进的实验实验室进行，实验室配备了现代低温系统、超导高场磁铁、激光、光学和无线电电子设备。该项目涉及光电子工程、数据分析、自动化和控制系统、数值建模和半导体制造技术等领域的广泛可转移技能。这项研究的结果将发表在开放获取的研究文献中，并在国际会议上公布。

This is an experimental research project in the areas of fundamental semiconductor physics and applied quantum technologies. Semiconductor quantum dots, known as artificial atoms, are nanometer-sized semiconductor crystals capable of trapping individual electrons. These nanostructures have a great promise for the development of a new generation of quantum computing and communication devices. The quantised magnetic (spin) states of the electrons can store and process quantum information with efficiency inaccessible to any classical digital computer. The well-developed semiconductor technologies and the small size of the quantum dots offer pathways to large-scale integrated quantum circuits. Recent breakthroughs in semiconductor nanotechnology resulted in development of a new generation of quantum dots, where reduced internal strain enables quantum information processing not only with electrons but also with subatomic magnetic states of the crystal lattice. The initial aim of this project will be to explore the fundamental physics of quantum coherence and entanglement. This will be followed by the development of prototype quantum computing protocols and devices. The work will be conducted in a state-of-the-art experimental laboratory equipped with modern cryogenic systems, superconducting high-field magnets, lasers, optical and radio-electronic equipment. This project involves a wide range of transferable skills in the areas of opto-electronic engineering, data analysis, automation and control systems, numerical modelling, and semiconductor fabrication technology. The results of this research will be published in open-access research literature and presented at international conferences.