Using realist methods to develop a complex intervention to discourage adolescents from engaging in knife crime

背景：持刀犯罪是一个严重的公共，刑事司法和健康问题。自2015年以来，因刀具或攻击性武器犯罪而被定罪或警告的年轻人人数增加了一半以上。早期对携带刀具的干预措施的审查发现，很少有干预措施受到严格的研究。联合王国有许多倡议，但很少有评估计划。审查的结论是，干预措施的制定需要集中在什么对谁有效、为什么有效和在什么情况下有效，而不仅仅是“什么有效”。现实主义方法使复杂的干预措施的发展，有一个更深入的了解如何，为什么，为谁和在什么情况下，他们的工作。本研究的目的是为了更深入地了解如何，为什么，为谁，在什么情况下复杂的干预方案，为青少年携带刀具是最成功的开发一个新的刀携带intervention.Methods的目的：为了了解如何青少年刀携带干预工作在现实生活中的背景下，一个现实主义的合成将进行四个阶段。在青年咨询小组和专业利益攸关方咨询的指导下，制定一个框架，以绘制干预措施的理论和概念图景。通过对文献的研究，沿着来自专业利益攸关方访谈的原始数据和来自减少暴力股的基于案例的时间排序定量数据集，制定初步的方案理论。通过更有目的、更深入地筛选文献，以及沿着来自青年和专业人员的主要定性数据，完善方案理论。将通过半结构化访谈收集数据，以探讨新兴方案理论的具体要素。4.通过与年轻人和专业利益相关者的访谈来测试方案理论，使用小插曲来探索具体方案理论之间的关系。分析：一个现实主义的分析逻辑将用于将来自每个阶段的数据与上下文机制结果配置相匹配。聚类分析将用于定量数据集。实质性的理论，然后将寻求理解和解释的findings.Outcomes：现实主义知情的三维逻辑模型的发展，为年轻人谁携带刀具的新的干预。这一逻辑模型将用于开发一个原型干预和干预提供平台，以供进一步测试。提供一个复杂干预的现实主义发展阶段的经验性例子，以指导未来的MRC指南。

Background: Knife crime is a serious public, criminal justice and health concern. The number of young people convicted or cautioned for a knife or offensive weapon offence has increased by over half since 2015. An earlier review of knife carrying interventions, found that few interventions had been subjected to rigorous research. Many UK initiatives existed, but with few plans for evaluation. The review concluded that intervention development needs to concentrate on what works for whom, why, and in which circumstances, rather than simply on 'what works'. Realist methods enable the development of complex interventions that have a deeper understanding of how, why, for whom and in what circumstances they work. The purpose of this research is to gain a deeper understanding of how, why, for whom and in what circumstances complex intervention programmes for adolescents who carry knives are most successful to develop a new knife carrying intervention, using both quantitative and qualitative methods.Methods: To understand how adolescent knife carrying interventions work in a real-life context, a realist synthesis will be undertaken in four phases.1. Developing a framework to map the theoretical and conceptual landscape of interventions, guided by a young person advisory group and professional stakeholder consultations.2. Formulating initial programme theories though exploration of the literature, along with primary data from professional stakeholder interviews and case-based time-ordered quantitative dataset from Violence Reduction Units.3. Refining programme theories through more purposeful, in-depth screening of the literature, along with primary qualitative data from young people and professionals. Data will be collected through semi-structured interviews, to explore specific elements of the emerging programme theories. 4. Testing programme theories through interviews with young people and professional stakeholders, using vignettes to explore the relationship between specific programme theories. Analysis: A realist logic of analysis will be used to align data from each phase with context mechanism outcome configurations. Cluster analysis will be used for the quantitative datasets. Substantive theory will then be sought to understand and explain the findings.Outcomes: The development of realist informed 3D logic model for a new intervention for young people who carry knives. This logic model will be used to develop a prototype intervention and intervention delivery platform for further testing. The provision of an empirical example of a realist development phase of a complex intervention to guide future MRC guidance.