A Probabilistic Reference System for the Human Brain

描述(由申请人提供)：该计划的主要目标是继续开发一个人类大脑的概率参考系统，作为供神经科学界使用的重要神经信息学工具。在这个项目的过程中，我们提出并成功地建立和扩展了可用于在宏观(活体)和微观(死后)水平上建立结构和功能神经解剖学系统的工具。我们已经将7000多名受试者的结果与迄今为止为人脑获得的最广泛的人类细胞和化学结构的集合一起纳入了这个系统。在这一更新的应用中，我们建议增加对人脑白质束(DTI-MRI和差异髓鞘染色)、脑血管(MRA、MRV)、化学解剖学(酮丝氨酸放射自显影和Altanserin-PET)的研究，并首次使用fMRI-经颅磁刺激-PET研究人脑的连通性。我们还建议扩大我们用于数据共享的神经信息学工具，包括允许世界各地的实验室向我们不断发展的地图集贡献数据的“整合站点系统”，并通过实施洲际弹道导弹数据共享政策空间，促进数据交换，同时仍提供科学信用分配和学科保密。这些目标将通过一个由四个主要机构(加州大学洛杉矶分校、蒙特利尔神经研究所、德克萨斯大学圣安东尼奥分校和德国杜塞尔多夫Juelich/H.Heine大学医学研究所)组成的综合计划来实现。此外，亚洲和欧洲的数据采集点将继续是这一国际计划的一部分。通过将我们的努力与那些开发儿科核磁共振图谱(MNI网站)的人联系起来，关于人脑的信息将贯穿整个人类生命周期(出生-90岁)。我们将继续使用我们的测试版测试站点来独立测试通过该联盟开发的工具和数据集的科学和实用价值。与每个地点的单独努力相比，使用联合体结构在成本和时间上都是有效的，因为在这种结构中，劳动力的分配可以分为并行的、互补的任务，由该领域的老牌领导者执行。它还在参与者之间创造了一个“真实世界”的环境，以至于设备、软件和协议的差异实际上反映了更大的神经科学和神经信息学社区的缩影。 整体项目：

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The primary goal of this program is the continuing development of a probabilistic reference system for the human brain as an important neuroinformatics tool for use by the neuroscience community. In the course of this project we proposed and have succeeded in building and expanding the tools available to establish this system for structural and functional neuroanatomy on both macroscopic (in vivo) and microscopic (post mortem) levels. We have already incorporated the results of over 7,000 subjects into this system along with the most extensive collection of human cyto- and chemoarchitecture thus far obtained for the human brain. In this renewal application, we propose to add studies of human cerebral white matter tracts (DTI-MRI and differential myelin staining), cerebral vasculature (MRA, MRV), chemoanatomy (ketanserin-autoradiography and altanserin-PET) and, for the first time, studies of connectivity in the human brain using fMRI-transcranial magnetic stimulation-PET. We also propose to expand our neuroinformatics tools for data sharing including the "Conforming Site System," which allows laboratories worldwide to contribute data to our evolving atlas, and through the implementation of the ICBM data sharing policy space, to foster data exchange while still providing for scientific credit assignment and subject confidentiality. These goals will be achieved through an integrated program made up of four primary institutions (UCLA, Montreal Neurologic Institute, University of Texas at San Antonio, and the Institute of Medicine, Juelich/H. Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany). In addition, data acquisition sites in Asia and Europe will continue to be part of this international program. By linking our efforts with those developing a pediatric MRI atlas (MNI site), information about the human brain will be available throughout the entire human life span (Birth - 90 years). We will continue to use our beta test sites to independently test tools and data sets developed through the consortium with regard to their scientific and practical value. The use of a consortium structure, where the distribution of labor can be separated into parallel, complementary tasks, executed by established leaders in the field, has been efficient, in both cost and time, as compared to isolated efforts of each site. It has also created a "real world" environment among participants such that differences in equipment, software and protocols actually reflect the microcosm of the larger neuroscience and neuroinformatics communities. OVERALL PROJECT: