A Saliva Diagnostic Model for Predicting Risk Levels of Infectious Diseases

描述（由申请人提供）：识别个体对特定疾病的固有易感性的能力为全球健康带来了巨大的希望。针对易感个体最终会使特定预防措施的影响超出其生产水平，并可大大提高预防性治疗本身的成本效益。我们开发了一种基于唾液的技术，能够相对容易地评估个体的基于遗传的特征寡糖。基于遗传的寡糖的模式潜在地使受试者易于附着并随后被各种病原体感染。导致这项技术发展的模型是一种可以量化龋齿（一种传染病）易感性的测试。这项技术是作为NIH/NIDCR的STTR赠款的一部分开发的。该测试可以预测在年轻的成年人，疾病的严重程度，以<$1腔和/或填充>95%的置信度。当应用于儿童时，它是预测性的，并侧重于有风险的牙齿群体。这为有针对性的预防战略铺平了道路。将潜在的应用扩展到其他感染性疾病几乎不需要想象力，因为口腔内的环境和机制与也有感染风险的其他组织系统非常相似。此外，唾液中含有大部分个体基因表达的寡糖，包括基于寡糖的血型。我们相信，唾液可以提供一个窗口，让我们了解为什么有些人会患上严重的传染病，有些人只是轻微的，还有一些人根本没有。拟议中的研究涉及三种已知的基于寡糖的宿主-病原体相互作用的传染病，探讨唾液中含有适当寡糖信息的可能性。这三种疾病是中耳炎、胃溃疡和B型流感。这些疾病与龋齿有着共同的基本附着和感染机制;然而，这三种疾病也有足够的不同之处，可以扩大核心技术的概念基础。本申请的目标是提供可以清楚地证明唾液含有对可能远离口腔的场所的传染病易感性的预测因子的受试者和技术。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): An ability to identify an individual's inherent susceptibility to a particular disease holds great promise for global health. Targeting of susceptible individuals ultimately leverages the impact of specific preventive measures beyond their production levels and can vastly improve the cost effectiveness of the preventive treatments themselves. We have developed a saliva-based technology that has the capacity to assess an individual's genetic-based signature oligosaccharides with relative ease. The patterns of the genetic-based oligosaccharides potentially predispose the subject to the attachment and subsequent infection by various pathogens. The model that led to development of this technology is a test that can quantify susceptibility to Dental caries, an infectious disease. This technology was developed as part of a STTR grant from NIH/NIDCR. The test can forecast in young adults, the severity of the disease to ¿1 cavity and/or filling with >95% confidence. When applied to children, it is predictive and focuses on groups of teeth at risk. This paves the way to targeted preventive strategies. Expanding the potential application to other infectious diseases requires little imagination since the environment and mechanisms within the oral cavity are remarkably similar to other tissue systems that are also at risk for infections. Furthermore, saliva contains most of an individual's genetically expressed catalog of oligosaccharides, including the oligosaccharide-based blood types. We believe that saliva can provide a window into the question of why some people get very ill with an infectious disease, others only modestly so, and yet others, not at all. The proposed study of three infectious diseases known to involve an oligosaccharide-based host-pathogen interaction explores the possibility that saliva contains the appropriate oligosaccharide information. The three diseases are otitis media, gastric ulcers, and influenza Type B. These diseases share fundamental attachment and infection mechanisms with Dental caries; yet, the three diseases are also different enough to offer the opportunity to broaden the conceptual base for the core technology. The goal of this application is to provide subjects and technology that could provide a clear demonstration that saliva contains the predictors of susceptibility to infectious diseases with venues that may be remote from the oral cavity.