Investigating the Earth's Upper Atmosphere with the EISCAT_3D radar

EISCAT_3D是一项备受期待的新的多国全天空非相干散射雷达计划，经过多年的发展，计划于2023年秋季开始运营。在行星科学组现有专业知识的基础上，学生将利用新的雷达数据集，结合其他地面仪器（包括我们自己的新高频相干雷达）和卫星的测量。他们将调查空间气象事件对高纬度高层和低层大气的影响，以及在各种时间和空间尺度上从太阳风进入地球环境的能量流。这将涉及学生与其他国家的其他研究人员一起从事国际研究计划，并在国际会议上介绍他们的研究结果。继40多年的EISCAT极光科学之后，EISCAT_3D代表了我们在地球大气中进行测量和调查具有巨大社会重要性的过程的能力的一个步骤。将研究一些现象，包括地磁暴、亚暴和磁流体动力学波，所有这些都是将能量和动量从近地空间转移到地球大气层的动态过程。在这些过程中，观测到高能粒子沉淀（EPP）的发生，这驱动了相关的极光，并导致较低的大气变化（例如局部化学）。EPP现在被认为对化学物种（包括“奇数”氮，NOx）的存在有影响，这些化学物种对大气臭氧的破坏有影响。该项目将探索太阳变化、大气化学和气候之间的联系。

EISCAT_3D is a new, eagerly anticipated, multi-national all-sky incoherent scatter radar programme which is scheduled to start operating in Autumn 2023, following many years of development. Building on existing expertise within the Planetary Science Group the student will exploit the new radar data set in conjunction with measurements from other ground-based instruments (including our own new HF coherent radar) and satellites. They will investigate the impact of Space Weather events on the high-latitude upper and lower atmosphere and the energy flow from the solar wind into the Earth's environment on a variety of time and spatial scales. This will involve the student working on international research programmes in conjunction with other researchers in other countries and presenting their findings at international meetings. Following on from over 40 years of EISCAT auroral science, EISCAT_3D represents a step-change in our ability to make measurements in the Earth's atmosphere and investigate processes of huge societal importance. A number of phenomena will be studied including geomagnetic storms, substorms and MHD waves, all of which are dynamic processes which transfer energy and momentum from near-Earth space into the Earth's atmosphere. During these processes energetic particle precipitation (EPP) are observed to occur which drive associated aurorae and cause lower atmospheric changes (e.g. to the local chemistry). EPP are now considered to have influence on the existence of chemical species (including 'odd' nitrogen, NOx) which have impact on the destruction of atmospheric ozone. The project will explore links between solar variability, atmospheric chemistry and climate.