Non-Enzymatic Sensing of Creatinine for Early Detection of Chronic Kidney Disease

近年来，肾脏保健的生化标志物有了戏剧性的进步。肌酐是评估慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)的有用代谢物。尿中肌酐浓度和20 mM可能提示慢性肾脏病。使用肌酐传感平台可以在疾病进展到进一步阶段之前更早地检测到CKD。早期检测和监测可以提供挽救生命的干预，因此需要开发快速、廉价和高选择性的电化学非酶肌酐传感器，以克服最先进的酶肌酐生物传感器或长期建立的比色Jaffe反应方法的一些局限性。作为PHD的一部分，开发了低成本的非酶传感平台。

In recent years, there has been a dramatic advancement of biochemical markers for kidney healthcare. Creatinine is a useful metabolite for the evaluation of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Creatinine concentrations in urine <3 and >20 mM may indicate CKD. CKD can be detected earlier before the disease has progressed to further stages using a creatinine sensing platform. Early detection and monitoring can provide lifesaving intervention, and as such there is a need to develop rapid, cheap and highly selective electrochemical non-enzymatic creatinine sensors to overcome some of the limitations of state-of-the-art enzymatic creatinine biosensors or the long-established colorimetric Jaffe reaction method. Low cost, non-enzymatic sensing platforms were developed as part of the PhD.