Modelling heat and mass transfer during liquid hydrogen refuelling

液化氢(LH2)被认为是HDV、火车、船舶和飞机上最实用的长距离储存方式。目前，没有关于在给气态氢加油时氢库存超过10公斤的燃料方案。对低温氢燃料和液氢转移的模拟将带来更大的挑战，因为温度显著降低，并且存在蒸发和冷凝的两相流。LH2加油将需要为存储和转移基础设施开发创新的安全战略和工程解决方案，了解潜在的物理现象，开发和验证当代计算流体动力学(CFD)，并减少安全设计的工程模型和工具。开发和验证的LH2传输模型将允许运行“数值实验”，以深入了解潜在的物理现象，避免大规模实验研究中常见的高成本、危险和相关风险，并在实践方面开发LH2加油协议。该项目将：-严格审查LH2安全的最新技术，重点是加油/加油，-开发CFD模型来模拟整个氢气加气站(HRS)或加油站(从储罐到船上储罐)的LH2加油，-对照文献中可用的实验数据或正在进行的项目中的合作伙伴验证所开发的CFD模型，-使用经过验证的模型支持本质上更安全的燃料/加油协议的开发，-探索开发简化模型的潜力，以支持氢安全电子实验室(https://fch2edu.eu/home/e-laboratory).)的进一步发展

Liquified hydrogen (LH2) is considered as the most practical storage method onboard on HDV, trains, ships and planes in case of long distances. Currently there are no fuelling protocols for hydrogen inventory in excess of 10 kg when refuelling gaseous hydrogen. Modelling of fuelling of cryogenic hydrogen and LH2 transfer will pose even more challenges due to significantly lower temperatures and presence of two-phase flows with evaporation and condensation. LH2 refuelling will require development of innovative safety strategies and engineering solutions for storage and transfer infrastructure, understanding of underlying physical phenomena, development and validation of contemporary Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and reduced engineering models and tools for safety design. The developed and validated LH2 transfer model will allow to run "numerical experiments" to get insight into underlying physical phenomena avoiding high costs, hazards and associated risks typical for large-scale experimental studies, and, on practical side, develop LH2 refuelling protocols.This project will:-critically review the state-of-the-art in safety of LH2 with focus on fuelling/refuelling,-develop a CFD model to simulate LH2 refuelling for the entire hydrogen refuelling station (HRS) or bunkering station (from storage tank to onboard tank), -validate the developed CFD model against experimental data available in literature or from partners in ongoing projects,-use the validated model to support development of inherently safer fuelling/bunkering protocols,-explore potential for development of reduced models to support further advancement of the e-Laboratory of Hydrogen Safety (https://fch2edu.eu/home/e-laboratory).