Children's Oncology Group Chair's Grant

儿童肿瘤组（COG）是一个新的多学科临床试验组， 四个儿科合作小组的统一。它是美国最大的儿童癌症研究组织 包括大约238个儿科癌症项目作为临床试验地点 of northAmerica北美，Australia澳大利亚，and several数institutions机构in Europe欧洲.它是专门为翻译基本的 生物学研究到临床研究，并通过人类证据开发预防方法， 原则、毒性评价、疗效鉴定，最终确定 治疗，以改善结果和/或减少毒性。COG代表了四组的遗产， 其中最古老的已经有将近50年了。目前，48，259例临床试验患者正在进行中， 随访;超过250万人年的生命得到挽救。虽然儿童癌症死亡率 在过去的二十年里减少了50%，在过去的十年里减少了25%， 青少年死于癌症每年在美国单独。这些死亡中的大多数可以归因于 specific具体pediatric儿科cancers癌症for which哪一个new新therapeutic治疗approaches方法must必须be designed设计.治疗中的牺牲 这些高风险癌症的发病率更有可能是由于生物学特征的识别而出现的， 预测耐药性，更重要的是，通过鉴定新的抗癌药物， 作用机制，其疗效可以根据特定的独特分子预测 在癌细胞中检测到的异常。COG也很有可能第一次建立一个北 美国儿童癌症登记研究，利用病例对照研究， 潜在的流行病学关联，包括遗传变异以及基因与 COG通过一系列假设驱动的研究，寻求最大化治愈率 为癌症儿童;实现肿瘤和宿主生物学的扩展理解;阐明新的 治疗策略和建立在风险调整治疗的概念上;并减少治疗相关的 毒性和发病率，从而优化生活质量和生存。拟议的研究旨在 将儿童癌症死亡率降低20%，并将5年无病生存率（治愈率）提高到 在研究期间，>85%。

The Children'sOncology Group (COG) is a new multidisciplinaryclinicaltrialsgroup resultingfrom the unificationof the four pediatriccooperativegroups. It is thelargestchildhoodcancer research organization in the worldand encompasses approximately238 pediatriccancer programs as clinicaltrial sites throughoutall of NorthAmerica, Australia, and several institutionsin Europe. It is exclusivelywell poisedto translate basic biologystudies intoclinicalinvestigationsand to develop translationalapproaches through human proofof principle,toxicity assessment, identificationof efficacy, and ultimately,incorporationintoestablished treatmentsto improve outcome and/or decrease toxicity.COG representsthe legacyof four groups,the oldest of which existedfor nearly 50 years. Currently, 48,259 patients accruedto clinicaltrialsare in active follow-up;over 2,500,000 person years of life have been saved. Although childhoodcancer mortality has decreased by 50% in the lasttwo decades and by 25% inthe past decade, nearly 2,500 childrenand adolescents die from cancer annuallyinthe U.S. alone. The majorityof these deaths can be attributedto specificpediatric cancersfor which new therapeuticapproachesmust be devised. Improvementin the cure ratesfor these high-riskcancers is more likelyto emerge as a result of the identificationof biologicfeatures whichpredict resistanceand, more importantly, by the identificationof new anti-cancer agents with novel mechanisms of action,whose efficacy might be predictedon the basis of specificunique molecular abnormalitiesdetected in cancer cells. COG is also uniquelyable to establishfor the first time a North America-wide population-basedregistry of childhoodcancerto investigate,utilizingcase control studies, potentialepidemiologicassociations,includinggenetic alterationsand ultimatelyinteractions of genes with the environment.COG, through a series of hypothesis-drivenresearch studies,seeks to maximize cure rates for children with cancer; to achieve an expanded understandingof tumor and hostbiology;to elucidatenew therapeutic strategies and to build on the concept of risk-adjustedtherapy; and to reduce treatment-related toxicityand morbidity, thereby optimize quality of life and survival.The proposed research is aimed at reducingdeaths from childhood cancer by 20% and increasing 5-year disease-free survival (cure) rates to >85% duringthe studyperiod.