Roles of mono- & biarticular muscles in motor learning.

项目描述（由申请人提供）：该项目将采用涉及生物力学、运动学习和机械工程学科的综合方法来研究人体如何在控制与环境接触产生的外部反作用力方向时学习协调单个和特定肌肉。首先，通过让参与者学习一项新的力量指导任务，包括单腿骑自行车，来检查单肌肉和特殊肌肉控制的根本差异。肌肉激活时间和力方向的变化将被研究。接下来，学习过程将通过使用动力系统理论的方法分析来自学习任务的数据来更仔细地检查。变化的协调的单一和特定的肌肉和他们的激活模式的复杂性将被调查。最后，从这些实验中获得的信息将用于开发踏板任务的计算机模拟。通过操纵肌肉骨骼模型，用等效的单关节肌肉代替模拟的特定肌肉，可以研究协调和任务准确性的变化。模拟结果将与实验数据进行比较，以帮助描述中枢神经系统如何通过成功控制外力来学习与环境相互作用。这一信息将对未来以神经系统疾病或障碍患者康复为中心的研究有价值，这些患者必须重新获得控制外力的能力。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The project will use an integrative approach involving the disciplines of Biomechanics, Motor Learning, and Mechanical Engineering to investigate how the human body learns to coordinate mono- and Particular muscles when controlling the direction of external reaction forces arising from contact with the environment. First, fundamental differences in the control of mono- and Particular muscles will be examined by having participants learn a novel force-directing task, consisting of one-legged bicycle pedaling. Changes in muscle activation timing and force direction will be studied. Next, the learning process will be examined more closely by analyzing the data from the learning task using methods from Dynamical Systems Theory. Changes in the coordination of mono- and Particular muscles and the complexity of their activation patterns will be investigated. Finally, the information gained from these experiments will be used to develop a computer simulation of the pedaling task. By manipulating a musculoskeletal model, replacing simulated Particular muscles with equivalent monoarticular muscles, changes in coordination and task accuracy can be investigated. The results of the simulation will be compared with the experimental data to aid in developing a description of how the central nervous system learns to interact with the environment by successfully controlling external forces. This information will be valuable to future research centered on the rehabilitation of patients with neurological diseases or disorders, who must reacquire the ability to control external forces.