Racial Bias and Mental Illness Stigma as Risk Factors for Mental Health Problems

拟议研究的目的是双重的。首先，目的是检查在种族间交往中经历种族偏见在多大程度上是非洲裔美国人和拉丁裔美国人精神障碍（特别是抑郁症状）的风险因素。其次，我们的目标是探索我们关于种族偏见暴露和精神障碍与精神疾病耻辱的新发现的相关性。也就是说，我们建议开始研究人际经历中歧视作为种族群体成员的功能的异同，以及那些可能作为精神疾病耻辱的功能而出现的异同。我们认为，在人际交往中与种族偏见和精神疾病污名问题作斗争可能会增加心理负担，使个人容易受到负面健康结果的影响。关于种族问题，在提议的研究中，我们对两个种族偏见问题感兴趣？1)当代形式的种族偏见，以及2)关于种族偏见的人际关系。许多学者认为，当代的种族偏见比“老式的”种族偏见更为微妙。种族偏见的形式，往往是无意和无意识的。此外，考虑到美国普遍存在的社会规范是不能接受有偏见的，大多数白人都关心以无偏见的方式行事，至少在公共场合是这样。在拟议的研究中，我们将调查怀特？种族偏见和他们对种族偏见的关注对少数民族有什么影响？心理健康。此外，我们将开始探索非污名化的个体如何？对精神疾病的态度和他们对出现对精神疾病个体的偏见的关注（或缺乏）影响精神疾病个体的心理健康结果。这项研究的首要目标是在基础研究和临床研究之间架起桥梁，最终为理解种族压力因素如何促进健康方面的种族差异开辟道路。

The purpose of the proposed research is twofold. First, the goal is to examine the extent to which experiencing racial bias during interracial interactions is a risk factor for mental disorders (specifically, depressive symptoms) among African Americans and Latinos. Second, the goal is to explore the relevance of our emerging findings about racial bias exposure and mental disorders for mental illness stigma. That is, we proposed to begin to study the similarities and differences in interpersonal experiences with discrimination as a function of racial group membership and those that are likely to arise as a function of mental illness stigma. We argue that contending with issues of racial bias and mental illness stigma during interpersonal interactions can by psychologically taxing, leaving individuals vulnerable to negative health outcomes. With respect to issues of race, in the proposed research, we are interested in two issues of racial bias ? 1) contemporary forms of racial bias, and 2) interpersonal concerns regarding racial bias. Many scholars have argued that contemporary racial bias is more subtle than ?old-fashioned? forms of racial bias and is often unintentional and unconscious. In addition, given the pervasive social norm in the U.S. that it is unacceptable to be prejudiced, most White individuals are concerned about behaving in non-prejudiced ways, at least in public settings. In the proposed research, we will investigate the impact that Whites? racial bias and their concerns with appearing racially biased have on ethnic minorities? mental health. In addition, we will begin to explore how non-stigmatized individuals? attitudes about mental illness and their concerns (or lack of) about appearing prejudiced toward mentally ill individuals influence mental health outcomes for mentally ill individuals. The overarching goal of this research is to bridge basic and clinical research that will ultimately set the pathway for understanding how racial stressors promote racial disparities in health.