Neurobehavioral Effects of Partial Sleep Deprivation

描述（由申请人提供）：这个项目的重点是确定如何最好地利用睡眠作为一种干预措施，促进从慢性睡眠限制带来的生物行为风险中恢复过来。由于医疗条件和社会需求导致的慢性部分睡眠缺失是常见的，并与显著的临床发病率相关。我们的研究表明，每晚睡眠时间长期限制在4到6小时之间，会导致神经行为缺陷，其累积程度相当于完全睡眠不足所产生的缺陷。我们将进行第一次研究，以确定睡眠的哪些方面对从慢性部分睡眠缺失的影响中恢复至关重要。通过实验方法系统地确定180名健康女性（n=90）和男性（n=90）受试者的睡眠恢复潜力，研究清醒时神经行为和生理功能的恢复问题。在5天的慢性睡眠限制后，连续两个晚上的睡眠时间将发生参数变化。对睡眠缺失敏感的清醒生物行为功能的关键方面将在受试者中进行测量，受试者被随机分配到恢复第1晚的6个睡眠持续时间中的一个，以及恢复第2晚的6个睡眠持续时间中的一个（即，两晚共有36种不同的睡眠组合）。统计上有效的反应面模型和剂量-反应回归方法将用于映射神经认知、情绪和生理结果的恢复作为睡眠的函数，使用床上时间、总睡眠时间和特定的睡眠生理测量（例如，快速眼动睡眠，非快速眼动睡眠中的慢波能量）作为独立变量。由此产生的反应面图和剂量反应曲线将揭示与不同睡眠量和类型相关的生物行为功能的恢复程度。这些方法还提供了可归因于性别差异、年龄影响和在家习惯睡眠时间差异的方差估计。经验估计的反应面图将与从当前睡眠-觉醒调节的生物数学模型推断的预测进行比较，以评估这些模型对不同持续时间的睡眠所获得的恢复的预测效果。除了提供睡眠时间与清醒功能恢复关系的第一个剂量-反应曲线外，该项目还将探索不同睡眠时间对女性和男性心血管指标的影响。所产生的科学数据将促进对睡眠稳态的理论理解；完善睡眠-觉醒调节的数学模型；并告知与公共健康相关的睡眠需求问题。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project is focused on determining how best to use sleep as an intervention to promote recovery from the biobehavioral risks posed by chronic sleep restriction. Chronic partial sleep loss due to medical conditions and social demands is common and associated with significant clinical morbidity. Our studies have shown that chronic restriction of sleep to between 4h and 6h per night results in neurobehavioral deficits that accumulate to levels equivalent to those produced by total sleep loss. We will undertake the first research to determine what aspects of sleep are critical for recuperation from the effects of chronic partial sleep loss. The issue of recovery of waking neurobehavioral and physiological functions will be addressed using an experimental approach that systematically determines the recovery potential of sleep in 180 healthy female (n=90) and male (n=90) subjects. Sleep duration will be varied parametrically on two consecutive nights, following 5 days of chronic sleep restriction. Key aspects of waking biobehavioral functions sensitive to sleep loss will be measured in subjects randomized to one of six sleep durations on recovery night 1 and one of six sleep durations on recovery night 2 (i.e., a total of 36 different combinations of sleep across the two nights). Statistically efficient response-surface modeling and dose-response regression approaches will be used for mapping recovery in neurocognitive, mood, and physiological outcomes as a function of sleep, using time in bed, total sleep time, and specific sleep physiological measures (e.g., REM sleep, slow wave energy in non- REM sleep) as independent variables. The resulting response-surface maps and dose-response curves will reveal the degree of recuperation of biobehavioral functions relative to varying amounts and types of sleep. These approaches also provide estimates of the variance attributable to gender differences, age effects, and differences in habitual sleep duration at home. The empirically estimated response-surface maps will be compared to predictions inferred from current biomathematical models of sleep-wake regulation, to assess how well these models predict recovery gained from sleep of different durations. In addition to providing the first dose-response curves for the relationship of sleep duration to recovery of waking functions, this project will explore the effects of varying sleep durations on cardiovascular markers in both women and men. The scientific data to be generated will advance theoretical understanding of sleep homeostasis; improve mathematical models of sleep-wake regulation; and inform questions of sleep need relative to public health.