The 'Lands of the Normans' in England (1204-44)

该项目考察了1204年“盎格鲁-诺曼王国”被推翻后英法贵族的历史。1066年诺曼人征服英格兰，将英格兰和诺曼底统一在一个统治者之下；而且，尽管有一些分裂，两国在政治上一直保持统一，直到1204年。那一年，法国国王吞并了诺曼底，赶走了诺曼底公爵——英国国王约翰。这一事件对英吉利海峡两岸的土地所有者产生了巨大的影响。自1066年以来，许多贵族家庭在英格兰和法国北部都拥有土地，这些跨英吉利海峡的利益对这两个地区的政治和社会产生了决定性影响；1204年法国国王对诺曼底的吞并使得这种跨英吉利海峡的土地所有权不可能实现。然而，从来没有一个系统的研究英格兰和诺曼底分离的政治后果，利用所有已发表和未发表的证据。该项目对受两国政治分离影响的家庭和财产的命运进行了一项试验性调查。该项目旨在评估这些事件的影响，重点关注所谓的“诺曼人土地价值名册”中列出的庄园和家庭。1204年为英国国王约翰编写的这份卷宗，是记录盎格鲁-诺曼王国终结影响的第一份英国王室文件，因为它详细记录了约翰国王没收许多选择留在法国的英国家庭财产的情况。除了一些教会的地产，这篇文章还提到了102处庄园，这些庄园是国王的官员从大约60个世俗地主那里没收的，分布在英格兰中部和南部的18个郡。在1204年之后的几十年里，这些家族中的许多人试图维持他们在这两个国家的利益，而两个君主都用没收的财产作为对其忠诚臣民的奖励。该项目旨在追溯每个家族和庄园的历史，直到1244年，当时英国和法国的国王都禁止他们的臣民在两个王国拥有土地。通过重建1204年记录的每一笔财产的历史，该项目旨在分析英法政治社区分裂为独立的英法社区的过程，并评估没收土地在王室庇护下的作用。这项研究是通过建立一个基于网络的数据库来完成的。这项研究试图确定英法社区成员之间的各种联系，如家庭关系、政治派别和土地所有权。该数据库的一个组成部分是开发基于网络的工具，例如数字化家谱和地图，以协助分析所收集的数据。该数据库的发展具有重要的实验功能，因为项目小组测试了使用这种电子工具来确定英法地主阶级不同成员之间的各种社会、文化和政治联系的可能性。虽然数据库的建立是一个独立的项目，但其发展的主要目的是作为一项可行性研究，以更全面地调查1204年至巴黎条约（1259年）之间的英法贵族，当时英国国王正式放弃了对诺曼底的所有要求。该数据库还打算为一本专著的研究作出贡献，该专著将评估没收第1204-5号物品对英国和法国政治、社会和身份的影响。更一般地说，数据库及其工具的发展探索了在人文科学研究中使用信息技术的一系列新方法。

This project examined the history of the Anglo-French aristocracy after the overthrow of the 'Anglo-Norman realm' in 1204. The Norman Conquest of England in 1066 had brought England and Normandy under a single ruler; and, despite some disruption, the two countries remained politically united until 1204. In that year, the king of France annexed Normandy and drove out its duke, King John of England. This event had dramatic consequences for landowners on both sides of the Channel. Since 1066, many aristocratic families had held lands in both England and northern France, and these cross-Channel interests had had a determining effect upon the politics and society of both regions; the French king's annexation of Normandy in 1204 threatened to make such cross-Channel landownership impossible. However, there has never been a systematic study of the political consequences of the separation of England and Normandy, drawing upon the full range of the published and unpublished evidence. The project executed a pilot investigation into the fate of the families and estates affected by the political separation of the two countries.The project sought to assess the impact of these events by focussing upon the estates and families listed in the so-called 'Roll of the Value of the Lands of the Normans'. Compiled in 1204 for King John of England, the roll was the first English royal document to record the effects of the end of the Anglo-Norman realm, for it detailed King John's confiscations of the English property of numerous families that had opted to remain in France. As well as a number of ecclesiastical estates, this text mentions 102 manors that the king's officers had confiscated from about sixty lay landowners, distributed across eighteen counties in central and southern England. For several decades after 1204, many of these families attempted to maintain their interests in both countries, while both monarchies used confiscated estates as rewards for their loyal subjects. The project aimed to trace the history of each family and estate on the roll until 1244, when the kings of England and France each prohibited their subjects outright from holding lands in both kingdoms. By reconstructing the history of each property recorded in the roll of 1204, the project aimed to provide an analysis of the fracturing of the Anglo-French political community into separate English and French communities, and to assess the role of the confiscated lands in royal patronage.This research was executed through the creation of a web-based database. This sought to identify the various links between the members of the Anglo-French community, such as family ties, political affiliation, and landownership. An integral aspect of this database was the development of web-based tools such as digitised genealogies and maps to assist in the analysis of the collected data. The development of the database had an important experimental function, as the project team tested the possibilities of using such an electronic tool to identify the various social, cultural and political links between the different members of the Anglo-French landowning classes. Although the establishment of the database served as a discrete project, a primary aim of its development was as a feasibility study for a more comprehensive survey of the Anglo-French aristocracy between 1204 and the treaty of Paris (1259), when the king of England formally renounced all claim to Normandy. The database was also intended to contribute to the research for a monograph that will assess the impact of the confiscations of 1204-5 upon English and French politics, society and identity. More generally, the development of the database and its tools explored a range of new ways to use IT in humanities research.