CIRCADIAN AND HOMEOSTATIC SLEEP REGULATION OLDER PEOPLE

超过三分之一的55岁及以上的成年人报告称，他们每晚的睡眠时间经常少于7小时。 近15%的人每晚睡眠时间为6小时。严重睡眠不足的后果是众所周知的， 但关于慢性睡眠不足的影响，尤其是对老年人的影响，人们知之甚少。证据 在之前的赠款期间收集的数据有力地表明，老年人的睡眠质量 极易受到睡眠时间和昼夜节律时间的相位之间的错位的影响 这一系统表明，老年人获得必要的恢复睡眠的能力将低于年轻人 在急性失眠之后。还有令人信服的证据表明，这两个主要国家之间的互动 睡眠调节过程，即昼夜节律和睡眠-觉醒稳态，会随着年龄的变化而变化。我们提出了一个 一项将使用研究设计评估长期睡眠限制对年轻人和老年人的影响的研究 这将使我们能够量化与年龄相关的昼夜节律和睡眠依赖的影响的差异 对睡眠的影响。 拟议的调查旨在检验以下假设：1)尽管 慢性睡眠受限引起的动态平衡睡眠压力增加，睡眠会明显增多 与年轻人相比，当它被安排在不利的昼夜节律时，老年人的脑电活动被扰乱；2) 在长期睡眠受限的情况下，睡眠中的慢波活动在所有昼夜节律中都会增加 年轻和年长受试者的不同阶段；3)快速眼动睡眠的昼夜节律将在 年轻人和老年人4周的慢性睡眠限制，老年人将保持这种限制 受试者以其他睡眠阶段为代价，包括慢波睡眠；以及4)不同于 年轻受试者在长期睡眠限制4周后的睡眠延长期间，老年人的睡眠 受试者不会表现出以慢波睡眠的持续时间和强度衡量的快速恢复，睡眠 效率和唤醒次数。 我们建议在睡眠清醒的健康的年轻和老年男性和女性身上测试这些假设 在长期睡眠限制的情况下，周期安排为28小时一天(即22.17小时醒来后 5.83小时睡眠机会)，在4周内强制去同步。多导睡眠图睡眠 EEC的记录和定量分析将被用来描述与年龄相关的昼夜睡眠变化 了解长期睡眠限制对老年人睡眠的影响。 该项目的结果将提供有关慢性睡眠不足的影响的重要信息。 老年人，相当一部分老年人经常经历的一种情况， 以及很少进行基于实验室的调查的调查领域。

More than a third of adults ages 55 and older report sleeping less than 7h per night on a regular basis, with nearly 15% sleeping <6h per night. The consequences of acute sleep deprivation are well understood, but far less is known about the effects chronic insufficient sleep, particularly in older people. Evidence gathered during the previous grant periods strongly suggests that the sleep quality of older people is extremely vulnerable to a misalignment between the timing of sleep and the phase of the circadian timing system suggests that older people will be less able than young adults to obtain needed recovery sleep following acute sleep loss. There is also compelling evidence that the interaction between the two major sleep regulatory processes, the circadian and the sleep-wake homeostat, changes with age. We propose a study that will assess the effects of chronic sleep restriction in young and older adults, using a study design that will allow us to quantify age-related differences in the impact of circadian and sleep-dependent influences on sleep. The proposed investigation is designed to test the following hypotheses: 1) that notwithstanding the increased homeostatic sleep pressure induced by chronic sleep restriction, sleep will be significantly more disrupted when it is scheduled at adverse circadian phases in older as compared with young adults; 2) that under conditions of chronic sleep restriction, slow-wave activity during sleep will be increased at all circadian phases in both young and older subjects; 3) that the circadian rhythm of REM sleep will be preserved across 4 weeks of chronic sleep restriction in young and older subjects, and that it will be preserved in older subjects at the expense of other sleep stages, including slow-wave sleep; and 4) that unlike the sleep of young subjects, during sleep extension following 4 weeks of chronic sleep restriction, the sleep of older subjects will not show rapid recovery as measured by the duration and intensity of slow-wave sleep, sleep efficiency, and number of awakenings. We propose to test these hypotheses in healthy young and older men and women whose sleep-wake cycle is scheduled to a 28-h day under conditions of chronic sleep restriction (i.e., 22.17 h wake followed by 5.83 h sleep opportunity) on a forced desynchrony protocol across 4 weeks. Polysomnographic sleep recording and quantitative analysis of EEC will be used to describe age-related changes in circadian sleep regulation and to understand the effects of chronic sleep restriction on sleep in older persons. The results of this project will provide important information on the effects of chronic insufficient sleep in older people, a condition which a significant portion of the older population experiences on a regular basis, and an area of investigation in which few laboratory-based investigations have been conducted.