The Thirty Years War 1618-1648

三十年战争（1618-48）是欧洲历史上最具破坏性的冲突之一，夺去了大约800万人的生命。其原因与欧洲政治、经济和宗教生活的长期变化有关。《威斯特伐利亚和约》（Peace of Westphalia）对这一问题的解决被广泛视为现代主权国家国际秩序的诞生。虽然有大量的专家对战争的许多方面进行了研究，但自1938年以来，还没有一本完整的英文专著，其他语言的一般研究也不完整。这个项目填补了这个重要的空白。这本书将全面分析这场战争的起因、行为和后果。它将认为，这既不是一场狭隘的“德国战争”，也不是一场一般的国际斗争，而是中欧内部政治和宗教平衡的独特冲突，与西欧、北欧和东欧地区主导地位的其他竞争有关。除了讨论政治、军事和宗教层面，分析还将借鉴新的方法，特别是“战争经验”的概念，该概念调查了近代早期欧洲战争对个人和心理的影响。

The Thirty Years War (1618-48) was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history and claimed around 8 million lives. Its causes are associated with long-term changes in European political, economic and religious life. Its settlement at the Peace of Westphalia is widely seen as the birth of the modern international order of sovereign states. While there are a large number of specialist studies of many aspects of the war, there has not been a substantial single­ authored volume in English since 1938 and general treatment in other languages is patchy. This project fills this important gap.The book will provide comprehensive analysis of the war's causes, conduct and consequences. It will argue that it was neither a narrow 'German war', nor a general international struggle, but a distinct conflict over the political and religious balance within Central Europe that was related to other competition for regional dominance in western, northern and eastern Europe. In addition to discussing the political, military and religious dimensions, the analysis will draw on new approaches, notably the concept of 'war experience' that investigates the personal and psychological impact of fighting in early modern Europe.