CONTRIBUTIONS OF EPISODIC MEMORY TO HEALTHY AGING

情节记忆被定义为对个人经历的事件的记忆，这些事件绑定在独特的空间/时间背景中。独立生活和生活质量与情景记忆的维持有关。因此，晚年情景记忆是一个重要的研究热点。这个项目的第一个目的是检验客观记忆测量的年龄差异，并提供新的证据，证明图画优势效应是老年人的一种情节记忆现象。第二个目的是考察个体能力差异对情景记忆成绩的贡献。提出的个体差异变量包括：a)一般智力能力，b)人口统计特征，c)认知和情感状态，d)记忆老化知识。第三个目标是使用日常生活中记忆功能的自我报告测量来检查成年后的主观记忆评估。第四个目的是为成人实际记忆问题的心理测量学特性提供新的证据，并检验我们对自我报告记忆能力和客观记忆表现的评估之间的关系。 第五个目标是实施先导干预，以检验这一假设，即通过提供习得过程中要执行的任务的说明性图片，可以改善日常生活中日常活动的记忆。此外，我们还将研究认知功能测量与遗传、代谢和生理功能结果测量之间的关系。具体地说，我们将探索载脂蛋白E*4(项目1)、血管状态和身体功能(项目4)和认知功能(本项目)之间的假设关系。我们还预计，静息代谢率和每日总能量消耗(项目3)与自我报告的健康、社会活动/生活方式特征和情感状态(本项目)之间可能存在关系。本提案中的多学科方法允许 这是对多个功能领域进行评估的独特机会，这对于更全面地了解高龄时认知状态和记忆功能与年龄有关的变化至关重要。鉴于心血管疾病和其他慢性健康疾病在高龄时对认知功能产生不利影响的患病率增加，我们预计目前的研究将导致制定多维标准来定义晚年的“健康老龄化”。

Episodic memory is defined as memory for personally experienced events bound in unique space/time contexts. Independent living and quality of life are related to the maintenance of episodic memory. Thus, episodic memory in late life is an important research focus. The first aim of this project is to examine age differences in objective measures of memory and provide new evidence on the pictorial superiority effect as an episodic memory phenomenon in the oldest-old. The second aim is to examine the contribution of individual ability differences to episodic memory performance. The proposed individual difference variables include: a) general intellectual abilities, b) demographic characteristics, c) cognitive and affective status, and d) knowledge of memory aging. The third aim is to examine subjective memory appraisal in adulthood using self-report measures of memory functioning in everyday life. The fourth aim is to provide new evidence on the psychometric properties of the practical memory concerns in adulthood survey and examine relationships among our assessments of self-reported memory ability and objective memory performance. The fifth aim is to implement a pilot intervention to test the hypothesis that memory for everyday activities in daily life can be improved by providing illustrative pictures of the to-be-performed tasks during acquisition. In addition, we will examine relationships among measures of cognitive function and the genetic, metabolic, and physical functional outcome measures included in this proposal. Specifically, we will explore hypothesized relationships between APOE *4 (Project 1), vascular status and physical function (Project 4), and cognitive function (this Project). We also anticipate that relationships may exist between resting metabolic rate and total daily energy expenditure (Project 3) and self-reported health, social activity/lifestyle characteristics, and affective status (this Project). The multidisciplinary approach in this proposal permits a unique opportunity for assessment across multiple domains of functioning, which is essential for evolving a more complete understanding of age-related changes in cognitive status and memory functioning in very old age. Given the increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease and other chronic health conditions that adversely affect cognitive functioning in very old age, we anticipate that the present research will lead to the development of multidimensional criteria to define "healthy aging" in late life.