Emotional dysfunction and childhood behavioral disturban

该方案的目的是调查与儿童行为障碍相关的情绪功能障碍的神经认知基础;特别是极端行为障碍，以及注意力缺陷和多动障碍（ADHD）。我们正在用神经认知和神经影像学范式检验的功能假说是：（1）极端行为障碍，而不是ADHD，与刺激-惩罚和在较小程度上刺激-奖励关联信息的形成和操作使用功能障碍有关;注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD），而不是极端的行为障碍，与任务要求的表征和执行相关的执行系统的损伤有关。在解剖学水平上，我们预计在反应选择和情绪影响任务期间，极端行为障碍儿童的情绪相关系统的激活减少（特别是杏仁核，眶额皮质和前扣带回区域的激活减少）。我们预计，ADHD儿童在这些任务中的神经反应将不那么异常。我们预计，ADHD儿童在执行反应控制任务时的神经反应是异常的（前部和后部补偿系统的招募相当大）。

The goal of this protocol is to investigate the neurocognitive underpinnings of the emotional dysfunction linked to childhood behavioral disturbance; in particular, extreme conduct disorder but also attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The functional hypotheses that we are testing with both neurocognitive and neuroimaging paradigms are that: (1) extreme conduct disorder, but not ADHD, is associated with dysfunction in the formation and operational use of, stimulus-punishment and to a lesser extent stimulus-reward association information; and (2) that ADHD, but not extreme conduct disorder, is associated with impairment in executive systems related to the representation and execution of task demands. At the anatomical level, we anticipate reduced activation of emotional related systems in children with extreme conduct disorder during response selection and emotional impact tasks (in particular, reduced activation of the amygdala, regions of orbitofrontal cortex and anterior cingulate). We anticipate that the neural response of children with ADHD during these tasks will be less anomalous. We anticipate that the neural response of children with ADHD during the performance of response control tasks to be anomalous (with considerable greater recruitment of anterior and posterior compensatory systems).