Exploring the SAC Model of Memory

描述(由申请人提供)：这项建议的目标是促进内隐和外显记忆现象的统一模型，该模型跨越较高水平的概念效应和较低水平的知觉效应。该模型名为激活混淆来源(SAC)，将通过几种方式进行测试和挑战。具体地说，建议进行实验，以测试SAC的新预测(即，不一定是其他账户预期的)和数据集将在详细的水平上建模。这项拟议的研究将为SAC的预测提供更严格的测试，并将扩大关于认知加工的调查范围。该框架提出了几个有争议的主张。例如，它声称内隐记忆不是一个独立于外显记忆的系统，识别有两个过程：一个基于熟悉，另一个基于回忆。这项建议包括测试重新陈述(表面上无关的)感知线索的记忆增强在多大程度上可以归因于提取效果而不是编码效果。有人提出，在人类的认知系统中，熟悉性和独特性之间存在权衡。熟悉感可以简化编码，但也会导致习惯性或注意力不集中。区别性挑战编码，但一旦区别性特征被呈现在记忆中，它们就可以作为极好的检索线索。熟悉的线索对提取的作用较小(由于背景干扰)；然而，记忆系统通过允许基于熟悉的反应来进行补偿。建议将该理论扩展到编码的一部分涉及进一步了解是什么决定了部分匹配是否被接受，导致失真没有被检测到，以及是什么决定了不匹配是否被认为是显著的。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this proposal is to advance a unified model of implicit and explicit memory phenomena that spans both higher-level conceptual and lower-level perceptual effects. The model, called Source of Activation Confusion (SAC), will be tested and challenged in several ways. Specifically, experiments are proposed that test SAC's novel predictions (i.e., not necessarily expected by other accounts) and data sets will be modeled at a detailed level. The proposed research will provide ever more stringent tests of SAC's predictions and will extend the range of inquiry concerning cognitive processing. The framework makes several controversial claims. For example, it claims that implicit memory is not a separate system from (or independent of) explicit memory, and that there are two processes for recognition: one based on familiarity, the other based on recollection. The proposal includes tests of the extent to which memory enhancement from the re-instatement of (ostensibly irrelevant) perceptual cues can be attributed to effects at retrieval versus at encoding. It is proposed that within the human cognitive system there is a trade-off between familiarity and distinctiveness. Familiarity eases encoding but is also responsible for habituation or inattention. Distinctiveness challenges encoding but once distinctive features are represented in memory, they serve as excellent retrieval cues. Familiar cues are less useful for retrieval (due to contextual interference); however, the memory system compensates by allowing familiarity based responding. Part of the proposed extension of the theory to encoding involves an attempt to further understand what determines whether a partial match is accepted, resulting in a distortion going undetected, and what determines whether a mismatch is considered salient.