CONSTRUCTION OF A CHIMPANZEE GENETIC MAP FOR CHROMOSOME 20

这个子项目是利用由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供的资源的许多研究子项目之一。子项目和调查员(PI)可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金，因此可能会出现在其他CRISE条目中。列出的机构是针对中心的，而不一定是针对调查员的机构。重组是一个基本的生物学过程，我们对此知之甚少，特别是在灵长类动物中。了解重组过程对于人类疾病基因的鉴定以及对人类和灵长类动物更广泛的进化推断具有重要的实际意义。大规模的重组率可以通过比较物理和遗传图谱来估计，虽然我们现在已经有了完整的黑猩猩基因组草图，但关于这个物种的遗传图谱仍然一无所知。为了创建第一个黑猩猩染色体的基因图谱，并将其与物理图谱进行比较，我们启动了一个大规模的合作项目，包括来自美国和欧洲的科学家，以及主要的黑猩猩收容设施。我们正在解决一些热点问题，包括：重组率在染色体上以及男性和女性之间是如何变化的？人类和黑猩猩之间的比率有多相似？我们正在对覆盖20号染色体(人类19号染色体)全长的大约250个微卫星(或STR，短串联重复序列)进行基因分型。PrevenonGenetics将使用用于构建人类遗传图谱的相同微卫星标记进行基因分型。大多数设计用来扩增人类STR的引物可能会在黑猩猩身上发挥作用，就像构建狒狒基因图谱一样。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Recombination is a fundamental biological process about which we still know very little, especially in primates. Understanding the recombination process is of practical importance for the identification of disease genes in humans, as well as for evolutionary inference about humans and primates more generally. Large-scale recombination rates can be estimated by comparing physical and genetic maps, and while we now have a draft of the complete chimpanzee genome, nothing remains known about the genetic map for this species. In an effort to create a first genetic map for one chimpanzee chromosome and compare it to the physical map, we started a large scale collaborative program, involving scientists from the U.S. and Europe, and from the major chimpanzee holding facilities. We are addressing a number of topical questions, including: How do recombination rates vary along the chromosome and between males and females? How similar are rates between humans and chimpanzees? We are genotyping around 250 microsatellites (or STRs, short tandem repeats) covering the entire length of the chromosome 20 (human chromosome 19). Genotyping will be done at PreventionGenetics using the same microsatellite markers that have been used for the construction of the human genetic map. Most of the primers designed to amplify human STRs will likely work in chimpanzee as was the case for the construction of the baboon genetic map.