CEREBELLAR NUCLEI IN EYE MOVEMENT CONTROL

本子项目是利用由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源的众多研究子项目之一。子项目和研究者（PI）可能已经从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金，因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。列出的机构是中心的，不一定是研究者的机构。我们用眼球运动来研究小脑在运动中的作用。小脑使我们的每一个动作都尽可能快速、准确和一致。小脑损伤使运动，包括眼球运动，变得缓慢、不准确和多变。它还剥夺了调整或适应运动指令的能力，包括眼球运动。这种适应被称为运动学习。当由于成长、衰老、创伤或疾病而导致动作不准确时，我们的生活中经常发生这种情况，以保持动作准确。我们做四种实验。当猴子做眼球运动时，我们记录下小脑中与眼球运动相关部分的神经元活动。2)我们通过注射药物暂时麻醉小脑与眼动相关的部分，测量眼动异常。3)当我们让眼球运动看起来不准确时，我们就会测量眼球运动的适应性。我们通过移动目标来做到这一点，猴子正在做快速的眼球运动，称为扫视。当眼球运动结束时，它似乎已经越过了目标。如果一只猴子像这样跟踪1000个目标运动，它的眼跳会明显变小。4)我们使用解剖示踪剂来确定哪些大脑区域向小脑的眼动部分发送信号，哪些区域接收小脑产生的眼动信号。综上所述，这四种类型的研究结果让我们对小脑的功能和工作方式有了越来越清晰的认识。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. We use eye movements to study the cerebellum's role in movements. The cerebellum makes every movement we make as fast, accurate, and consistent as possible. Cerebellar damage leaves movements, including eye movements, slow, inaccurate and variable. It also abolishes the ability to adjust, or adapt, motor commands, including those for eye movements. This kind of adaptation is called motor learning. It occurs constantly in our lives to keep our movement accurate when movements become inaccurate because of growth, aging, trauma, or disease. We do four types of experiments. 1) We record the activity of neurons in an eye movement-related part of the cerebellum as monkeys make eye movements. 2) We measure eye movement abnormalities after we temporarily anesthetize an eye movement-related part of the cerebellum by injecting drugs into it. 3) We measure adaptation of eye movements when we make them seem to be inaccurate. We do this by moving the target toward which a monkey is making a rapid eye movement, called a saccade. When the eye movement ends it seems to have overshot the target. If a monkey tracks about 1000 target movements like this its saccades become significantly smaller. 4) We use anatomical tracers to determine which brain areas send signals to the eye-movement part of the cerebellum and which areas receive the eye-movement signals that the cerebellum creates. Together the results of these 4 types of studies are giving us an increasingly clear picture of what the cerebellum does and how it does it.