Demographic Responses to Community and Family Context

这个项目考察了家庭和社区环境如何相互作用来影响死亡率、婚姻和 繁殖。在考察家庭背景的影响时，它超越了特征的影响 父母和其他近亲关注生活在其他家庭甚至社区的亲属的作用。 在考察社区环境的影响时，它超越了地理和 以经济特征为重点的社区社会组织。灵感来自于最近在 关于社区的社会学文献，它评估社区是否也有居民 通过亲属关系捆绑在一起的人有更高的集体效力水平和更好的公共服务 这些商品带来了更有利的人口统计结果。来检验有关决定因素的理论 家庭的变化和变化，这项研究还检查了如何观察到家庭和社区的模式 背景影响因社会、经济和文化领域的长期变化和地理差异而不同 政治背景。 这项研究使用了有史以来最大、最长、最详细的面板数据集之一 对于历史和当代的人口--1650年以来生活在中国东北的30万人 到现在已经超过了十七代。该项目将130万人的现有核心数据联系起来 从历史户籍到家谱记录的个人层面的观察，以及 对这些人、他们在这一地区定居的开国祖先进行了回顾调查 以及他们在二十世纪的后代，为他们制作一个单一的矩形文件夹 分析。这些数据补充了社区、地区和省一级关于 社会、经济和政治条件。衡量家庭和社区环境的影响 在人口统计和社会结果方面，应用事件历史技术。固定效果和随机效果的模型有 用于核算不同级别的个人之间的相关性，包括住宅家庭， 后裔群体、社区和地区。

This project examines how family and community context interact to shape mortality, marriage, and reproduction. In examining the influence of family context, it moves beyond effects of characteristics of parents and other close relatives to focus on the role of kin living in other households and even communities. In examining the influence of community context, it moves beyond consideration of geographic and economic characteristics to focus on community social organization. Inspired by recent developments in the sociological literature on neighborhoods, it assesses whether or not communities where residents were also bound together by kinships ties had more higher levels of collective efficacy and better provision of public goods that resulted in more favorable demographic outcomes. To test theories about the determinants of family change and variation, the research also examines how observed patterns of family and community contextual effects vary in response to secular changes and geographic variation in social, economic, and political context. The research makes use of one of the largest, longest, and most detailed panel data sets ever compiled for an historical and contemporary population - 300,000 individuals who lived in northeast China from 1650 to the present over as many as seventeen generations. The project links existing core data from 1.3million individual-level observations from historical household registers, to records from family genealogies, and retrospective surveys of these same individuals,their foundingancestors who settled the area in the seventeenth century, and their twentieth-century descendants, to produce a single, rectangular file for analysis. These data are supplemented with information at the community, regional, and provincial level on social, economic, and political conditions. Measurements of the influence of family and communitycontext on demographic and social outcomes apply event-history techniques. Fixed- and random-effectmodels are used to account for correlations among individuals at different levels, including theResidential household, descent group, community, and region.