What is the mechanism by which mammalian ribosomes are released from the mRNA following termination of translation?

同卵双胞胎在身体、行为和精神上的强烈相似性表明，我们的遗传物质在很大程度上决定了我们是什么样的人。这种遗传物质就是我们的DNA，它可以被看作是一条极长的“磁带”（例如，一条巨大的录像带），里面有大约30亿比特的信息，编码着许多不同类型的蛋白质，这些蛋白质执行着我们大部分的身体功能。DNA可以被认为是“母带”，一个由数千个正常长度的视频连接在一起的档案。解码DNA信息的过程包括首先制作一份档案中这些录像带的工作副本。然后，一种被称为核糖体的小颗粒对其进行解码，核糖体的功能与录像机（VCR）类似，它将信息解码为图像。这些“生物视频”与真正的视频相似，因为在带有图像信息的磁带部分之前，有一个没有信息的短标题长度，并以同样毫无意义的预告片结束。我们知道，我们的生物VCR（核糖体）通过搜索或快速扫描的模式找到真正信息开始的点。然而，当核糖体状VCR到达图像信息的末尾时，它不会扫描或尝试读取无意义的预告片。相反，一旦图像信息结束，生物视频基本上就会从生物录像机中弹出。虽然我们了解细菌“VCR”的弹射机制是如何工作的，但我们对哺乳动物的弹射机制是如何工作的一无所知，只知道它似乎与细菌的机制完全不同。这个项目的目的是找出哺乳动物的“生物录像机”是如何射出生物录像带的。

The strong physical, behavioural, and mental similarity of identical twins shows that it is our genetic material that largely specifies what we are. This genetic material is our DNA, which can be regarded as an exceedingly long 'tape' (e.g. an enormous video tape) with some 3 billion bits of information, coding for the numerous different types of protein which carry out most of our bodily functions. The DNA can be thought of as the 'master tape', an archive of thousands of normal length videos joined together. The process of decoding this information in the DNA involves first making a working copy of one of these videotapes in the archive. This is then decoded by a small particle known as a ribosome, which essentially carries out an analogous function to that of a video recorder (VCR) as it decodes the information as pictures. These 'biological videos' are similar to real videos in so far as the part of the tape with the pictorial information is preceded by a short leader length that has no information, and ends with a trailer that is likewise meaningless. We know that our biological VCR (the ribosome) finds the point where the true information starts by searching or scanning in fast-forward mode through the leader. However, when the ribosome-like VCR has reached the end of the pictorial information, it does not scan or try to read the meaningless trailer. Instead, as soon as the pictorial information has come to an end, the biological video is essentially ejected from the biological VCR. While we understand how this ejection mechanism works in the case of the bacterial 'VCR', we know absolutely nothing about how the mammalian eject mechanism works, except that it seems to be completely different from the bacterial mechanism. The aim of this project is to find out how the mammalian 'biological VCR' ejects the biological video cassette.