In Vivo Breast Imaging and Tissue Evaluation by Vibro-acoustic Methods

描述（由申请人提供）：项目总结：触诊仍然是检测恶性乳腺病变的最简单但有效的方法之一，因为乳腺肿瘤的硬度通常与周围组织有显著差异。多年来，乳腺X线摄影一直是乳腺成像的主要工具，主要用于检测可能与乳腺恶性肿瘤相关的微钙化（MC）。然而，这种方法的灵敏度有限，特别是在致密乳房中。传统的B型超声（US）成像已经越来越多地用于乳房成像。然而，该方法对组织硬度不敏感。此外，US成像遭受斑点伪影，其掩盖小结构;因此，难以用该方法检测MC。已经投入了大量的努力来开发改进的乳房成像技术，特别是那些提供触诊样信息的技术。振动声成像（VA）是一种新型的非侵入性成像方法，产生类似触诊的信息。由于VA使用了一种新的和独特的组织固有特性，因此需要对其进行全面研究，以将其功能与更传统的乳腺成像技术进行比较。使用一个实验VA系统，我们已经证明了这种方法的能力，在体内成像乳腺，识别病变和MC。根据结果，下一个合乎逻辑的步骤是过渡到“临床”乳腺VA成像系统。使用阵列换能器是将VA从实验阶段转化为使用手持探头的现代电子扫描技术的临床应用的重要步骤。本研究的目的是探讨基于阵列换能器的VA乳腺成像系统。在这里，我们研究乳腺成像与线阵探头结合临床超声扫描仪，并评估其性能在人类乳腺病变的识别。组合系统将能够产生具有适合乳腺应用的分辨率的VA和US图像。本研究的目标将在4个具体目标上实现：（1）开发一种具有线阵探头的VA系统;（2）使用乳房模型量化新VA系统的性能;（3）在乳房组织样本上测试系统的性能;（4）在人类乳房上测试系统。这项研究的成功完成将为一类新的乳腺成像工具开辟道路。VA提供的特征组合，例如对硬度的敏感性、图像中斑点的缺乏以及对微钙化的敏感性，将对乳腺癌检测产生重大影响。相关性：本研究旨在开发一种新的乳腺成像工具。在这项研究中，我们研究了这种新方法的有效性，作为一种诊断工具，在识别乳腺病变和乳腺癌。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Project summary: Palpation remains one of the simplest yet effective methods for detecting malignant breast lesions because the stiffness of breast tumors usually differs significantly from surrounding tissues. Mammography has been the main tool of breast imaging for many years, mostly to detect microcalcifications (MCs) which can be associated with breast malignancies. However, this method has limited sensitivity, especially in dense breasts. Conventional B-mode ultrasound (US) imaging has been increasingly used for breast imaging. However, this method is not sensitive to tissue stiffness. Besides, US imaging suffers from speckle artifact that masks small structures; thus, it is difficult to detect MCs with this method. Significant effort has been invested to develop improved breast imaging techniques, especially those that provide palpation-like information. Vibro-acoustography (VA) is a novel non-invasive imaging method that produces palpation-like information. Since VA uses a new and unique intrinsic characteristic of tissue, it needs to be fully investigated to compare its capabilities to the more traditional breast imaging techniques. Using an experimental VA system, we have demonstrated the capability of this method to image breast in vivo, identify lesions and MCs. In the light of the results, the next logical step is to transition to a "clinical" breast VA imaging system. Using an array transducer is an important step in translating VA from experimental stage to clinical applications using a modern electronic scanning technique with a hand-held probe. The purpose of this research is to investigate the VA system based on an array transducer for breast imaging. Here, we study breast imaging with a linear array probe in conjunctin with a clinical US scanner and evaluate its performance in identification of lesions in human breast. The combined system will have the capability of producing VA and US images with suitable resolution for breast applicaions. The goals of this research will be achieved in 4 specific Aims: (1) Develop a VA system with a linear-array probe; (2) quantify the performance of the new VA system using breast phanotms; (3) Test the performance of the system on breast tissue samples; (4) Test the system on human breast. Successful completion of this research will open the way for a new class of breast imaging tools. The combination of features offered by VA, such as sensitivity to stiffness, lack of speckle in image, and sensitivity to microcalcifications, would have a significant impact in breast cancer detection. Relevance: This research aims at developing a new tool for breast imaging. In this study we examine the effectiveness of this new method as a diagnostic tool in identification of breast lesions and breast cancer.