Neural Bases of Effectiveness of Individually-Tailored Smoking Cessation Messages

描述(由申请人提供)：虽然量身定制的戒烟干预措施通常显示出积极的结果，但人们对这些干预措施的反应机制还不太清楚。我们建议进行一系列研究，检查与戒烟信息相关的神经底物，这些信息是根据吸烟者的需求和兴趣单独定制的。拟议的项目独特地结合了认知神经科学和公共健康传播方法，以调查吸烟者对定制的戒烟信息的反应。我们已经在一项初步的功能磁共振成像(FMRI)研究中证明，接受高定制戒烟信息的吸烟者(与低定制戒烟信息相比)显示出更大的内侧前额叶皮质(MPFC)激活，这与MPFC在处理自我相关材料方面的作用一致。为了进一步研究对特定定制戒烟信息做出反应的神经底物，以及重要的是这些发现与随后实际戒烟的关系，我们提出了两项研究，每项研究分为两个阶段。研究1a(阶段I)调查了自我关联在定向戒烟信息中的作用。我们将检查每个受试者在接触高度自我相关、高度定制的戒烟信息时MPFC的相对激活情况，与低定制的自我相关信息和控制自我相关任务形成对比。88名吸烟者将在功能磁共振期间收到高度定制和低定制的自我相关戒烟信息，并将完成一项测试自我相关性的对照任务(Phan等人，2004年)。这一发现将告诉我们，MPFC对高度定制的自我相关戒烟信息的更大激活是否与更大的自我参照处理有关。在研究1b(阶段2)中，我们将在功能磁共振扫描(研究1a)之后立即对每个研究1a参与者实施先前测试的基于网络的量身定制的戒烟计划。受试者将在四个月后接受随访，并评估实际的戒烟情况。研究1b将探索从自我相关的吸烟信息中激活的特定大脑区域与随后戒烟之间的关系。研究二调查了两种不同类型的戒烟信息：激励信息(为什么戒烟)和指导性信息(如何戒烟)在定向戒烟信息中的作用。在研究2a(阶段1)中，另外88名吸烟者将在功能磁共振期间收到高度定制的激励信息、高度定制的指导信息和中性信息。在研究2b(阶段2)中，研究2a的参与者将在功能磁共振扫描后立即接受基于网络的量身定制的戒烟计划，然后在四个月后进行跟踪，以确定实际的戒烟情况。研究2b将探索特定大脑区域对量身定制的激励性和指导性戒烟信息的反应与随后戒烟之间的关系。这些研究的结果将开始确定最佳信息定制的具体途径，以对戒烟产生最大影响。尼古丁成瘾是一个重要的公共卫生问题。该项目结合了公共健康、心理学和神经科学的研究方法，以了解吸烟者如何对个性化的戒烟信息做出反应，以努力改善戒烟计划。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): While tailored smoking cessation interventions have generally demonstrated positive outcomes, the mechanisms by which people respond to these interventions are less well understood. We are proposing a series of studies that examines the neural substrates associated with smoking cessation messages individually tailored to smokers' needs and interests. The proposed project uniquely combines cognitive neuroscience and public health communications methods to investigate how smokers respond to tailored smoking cessation messages. We have demonstrated in a preliminary functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study that smokers receiving high-tailored smoking cessation messages (compared to low-tailored cessation messages) showed greater medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) activation, consistent with the role of MPFC in processing self-relevant material. To further investigate the neural substrates that respond to specific tailored smoking cessation messages and importantly the relationship of these findings to subsequent actual smoking cessation, we propose two studies, each with two phases. Study 1a (Phase I) investigates the role of self-relevance in targeted messaging for smoking cessation. We will examine the relative activation of the MPFC in each subject during exposure to highly self-relevant, high-tailored smoking cessation messages in contrast to low-tailored self-relevant messages and a control self-relevance task. 88 cigarette smokers will receive high-tailored and low-tailored self-relevant smoking cessation messages during fMRI, and will also complete a control task testing self-relevance (Phan et al., 2004). The findings will inform whether greater MPFC activation to high- tailored self-relevant smoking cessation messages is associated with greater self-referential processing. In Study 1b (Phase 2), we will administer to each Study 1a participant a previously tested web-based tailored smoking cessation program immediately following the fMRI scanning (Study 1a) session. Subjects will be followed up in four months and assessed on actual smoking abstinence. Study 1b will explore associations between specific brain region activations from self-relevant smoking messages and subsequent cessation. Study 2 investigates the role of two different types of smoking cessation messages: motivational messages (why to quit) and instructional messages (how to quit) in targeted messaging for smoking cessation. In Study 2a (Phase1), another 88 cigarette smokers will receive high-tailored motivational messages, high-tailored instructional messages, and neutral messages during fMRI. In Study 2b (Phase 2), Study 2a participants will receive the web-based tailored smoking cessation program immediately after the fMRI scanning session and then be followed up in four months to determine actual smoking abstinence. Study 2b will explore the relationship between specific brain region activations in response to tailored motivational and instructional cessation messages and subsequent cessation. The results of these studies will begin to identify specific pathways for optimal message tailoring to make the largest impact on smoking cessation. Nicotine addiction is an important public health concern. The project combines public health, psychology, and neuroscience research methods to understand how smokers respond to individualized smoking cessation messages in an effort to improve smoking cessation programs.