Reservoir Characterisation by Integrated Seismic and Electromagnetic Remote Sensing

海洋可控源电磁（CSEM）勘探方法作为海上石油和天然气生产行业的地球物理勘探工具正在迅速获得认可。通过确定海底地质结构内的电阻率，CSEM技术可以显著降低钻探干勘探威尔斯井的风险。在这个项目中，我们建议扩展应用CSEM油藏评价和监测，通过开发的调查几何和数据分析技术，优化的方法的灵敏度，三维结构，并在其中的任何变化。我们还将寻求整合CSEM和地震数据的解释，以更全面地了解储层特性。总体目标是制定方法，使CSEM能够应用于小型或增量油气储量的测绘;在生产期间准确监测现有储量，以优化回收;并监测地质封存项目中的CO2储存。该项目将解决的对英国石油和天然气行业具有直接重要性的具体问题是：探测小电阻率异常。这将允许识别和量化“布朗菲尔德”地点中的小增量或额外碳氢化合物储量。储层电阻率远程监测通过在生产过程中准确监测储层整个横向范围内电阻率结构的变化，可以识别并减轻水突破，以优化采收率。将CSEM调查结果与现有地震信息相结合，以更全面地了解储层含量及其随时间的变化。在生产过程中监测油气饱和度和储层内分布的变化将再次有助于优化生产。二氧化碳地质封存项目的评估、监测和核查。能够监测注入过程中CO2含量和分布的遥感方法很少（如果有的话）。该项目将研究解决这一问题的方法，使用CSEM方法跟踪和监测注入后的CO2。

The marine controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) survey method is rapidly gaining acceptance as a geophysical exploration tool for the offshore oil and gas production industry. By determining the electrical resistivity within seafloor geological structures, the CSEM technique can dramatically reduce the risk of drilling dry exploration wells. In this project we propose to extend the application of CSEM to reservoir appraisal and monitoring, through the development of survey geometries and data analysis techniques that optimise the sensitivity of the method to 3D structures, and any changes in them. We shall also seek to integrate the interpretation of CSEM and seismic data, to more fully characterise reservoir properties. The overall objective is to develop methodologies that will allow CSEM to be applied to the mapping of small or incremental hydrocarbon reserves; to accurately monitoring existing reserves during production to optimise recovery; and to monitoring the storage of CO2 in geological sequestration projects. Specific problems of immediate importance to the UK oil and gas industry that the project will address are: Detecting small resistivity anomalies. This will allow small incremental or additional hydrocarbon reserves in 'brownfield' sites to be indentified and quantified. Remote resistivity monitoring of reservoirs. By accurately monitoring the changes in resistivity structure of a reservoir across its full lateral extent during production, water breakthrough can be identified and mitigated to optimise recovery. Integrating results from CSEM surveys with existing seismic information to more fully characterise reservoir content and its changes over time. Monitoring changes in hydrocarbon saturation and distribution within the reservoir during production will again help to optimise production. Evaluation, monitoring and verification of geological CO2 sequestration projects. There are few (if any) remote sensing methods capable of monitoring CO2 content and distribution during injection. This project will investigate solutions to this problem, using the CSEM method to track and monitor CO2 following injection.