WayFinder: Cognitive Aid for Independent Transportation

描述(申请人提供)：寻路者：独立交通的认知辅助。长期以来，交通和机动性一直是智障人士高度依赖的领域，例如智力障碍。很少有智障人士获得驾照。其他典型的交通方式，如出租车服务，由于成本问题而令人望而却步。这部分人口的主要交通方式仍然是1)学校或服务机构提供的专门交通服务，以及2)公共交通(即公共汽车)系统。专门的服务通常是分开的，往往对目的地构成限制，需要提前预订。公共交通系统为更加独立和综合的交通提供了机会。然而，为智障人士使用交通系统存在许多固有的障碍。拟议的项目是开发和评估WayFinder，这是一种便携式系统，将掌上电脑、全球定位系统和即时消息技术集成到一个简化的多媒体应用程序中，以提供智能音频和视觉提示，帮助智障人士独立导航公共交通系统。拟议的第一阶段/第二阶段项目的这一目标是开发一个独立可用的系统，以加强智障人士获得社区卫生相关资源的机会。第一阶段的具体目标是开发系统需求，设计和构建软件原型，并使用完整的受试者之间重复测量设计进行试点研究，以评估该系统在公共交通导航中提高独立性和自我导向的效用。在第二阶段，原型系统将发展成为一个功能齐全的软件/硬件系统，将在实地研究中使用，以确定长期使用寻路器系统对运输支助需求和自决的影响。现场研究将采用随机、安慰剂对照组设计。该系统的假设是，该系统将显著提高公共交通系统导航的独立性，从而减少对家庭、工作人员和其他照顾者的依赖。影响包括增加自我指导和独立行动的机会，改善智障人士获得与健康有关的服务的机会，包括医疗、治疗、健康、娱乐、营养、工作机会和其他资源。对于学校、服务机构和智障人士及其家人来说，寻路者具有商业潜力。使个人能够独立使用公共交通将增加工作机会，并降低与交通援助相关的成本。该项目将产生WayFinder，这是一个低成本、功能强大的系统，将使认知障碍的个人能够以独立的方式使用公共交通系统。这与公共健康相关，使目前依赖他人满足这些交通需求的一部分美国人口能够更多地获得医疗、治疗、健康、娱乐和其他基于社区的健康干预。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): WAYFINDER: A Cognitive Aid for Independent Transportation ABSTRACT Transportation and mobility have long been areas of great dependency for individuals with intellectual disabilities, such as mental retardation. Few individuals with intellectual disabilities obtain drivers licenses. Other typical modes of transit, such as taxi service, are prohibitive due to cost issues. The dominant modes of transportation for this population continue to be 1) specialized transportation services provided by schools or service agencies, and 2) public transit (i.e., bus) systems. Specialized services are usually segregated and often pose restrictions on destinations and require advanced reservations. Public transit systems present an opportunity for more independent and integrated transportation. However, there are many inherent barriers to using transit systems for people with intellectual disabilities. The proposed project is to develop and evaluate WayFinder, a portable system that integrates Palmtop computers, global positioning systems, and instant messaging technology in a simplified multimedia application to provide intelligent audio and visual cues to facilitate independent navigation of public transit systems by individuals with intellectual disabilities. This goal of the proposed Phase I/Phase II project is to develop an independently usable system to enhance access to community based health related resources for individuals with intellectual disabilities. Specific aims in Phase I are to develop requirements for the system, design and build a software prototype, and conduct a pilot study using a complete between- subjects repeated measures design to evaluate the utility of the system for improving independence and self-direction in public transit navigation. In Phase II, the prototype system will be developed into a fully functional software/hardware system that will be used in a field study to determine the impact of longer term use of the WAYFINDER system on transportation supports needs and self-determination. The field study will employ a randomized, placebo control group design. The hypothesis is that the system will significantly increase independence in navigating public transit systems and therefore decrease dependency on family, staff and other caregivers. Implications include increased opportunities for self-direction and independent mobility, improved access to health related services including medical, therapeutic, wellness, recreation, nutrition, work opportunities and other resources for individuals with intellectual disabilities. WayFinder has commercial potential for schools, service agencies and individuals with intellectual disabilities and their families. Enabling individuals to independently use public transit will increase work opportunities and decrease costs associated with transportation assistance. This project will result in WayFinder, a low-cost, powerful system that will enable individuals with cognitive disabilties to be able to use public transit systems in an independent manner. This is relevant to the public health by enabling greater access to medical, therapeutic, wellness, recreation and other community based health interventions for a segment of the American population that is currently dependent upon others to meet these transportation needs.