Hairpin Ribozyme: Folding, Structure and Mechanism

描述（由申请人提供）提出了一系列综合的生化，生物物理，组合和分子模拟实验，旨在解决有关发夹核酶的三个基本问题。首先，RNA是如何折叠成其固有结构的？第二，主动式网站架构的主要特点是什么？第三，催化机理是什么？最近的进展使我们有可能在下一个资助期内回答这些问题。这些进步包括：(a)开发了在分子和核碱基水平上分析折叠事件的方法，(b)证明了台式生物化学和计算方法的结合可以导致活性位点上特定三级相互作用的建模和实验验证，(c)阐明了核酶的晶体结构，(d)发现G8参与了不依赖金属的活性位点化学，(e)通过体外选择执行复杂的“遗传”分析的能力。具体目标是：(1)确定与催化和折叠有关的特定核苷酸和官能团的结构和功能作用；(2)通过体外选择分离出灭活突变的促复合体，建立功能补偿机制；(3)表征和模拟催化循环过程中的构象变化，并确定哪些是催化功能所必需的；(4)建立和测试催化机理模型。这项工作在生物医学上的重要性包括：(i)我们对RNA结构及其如何导致催化活性的理解的进步，（ii）了解生物反应中由核酶和核糖核蛋白复合物（包括核糖体和剪接体）催化的生物反应，以及（iii）通过功能基因组学，药物靶标验证，将我们对催化RNA和核蛋白工程的理解应用于改善健康，以及基于选择性核酶的遗传性和病毒性疾病治疗方法的发展。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant) An integrated series of biochemical, biophysical, combinatorial, and molecular simulation experiments is presented, designed to address three fundamental questions concerning the hairpin ribozyme. First, how does the RNA fold into its native structure? Second, what are the key features of active site architecture? Third, what is the catalytic mechanism? Recent advances make it possible to answer these questions during the next funding period. These advances include: (a) development of methods to analyze folding events at the molecular and nucleobase levels, (b) demonstration that a combination of bench biochemistry and computational methods can lead to the modeling and experimental verification of specific tertiary interactions at the active site, (c) elucidation of crystal structures of the ribozyme, (d) discovery that G8 participates in metal-independent active site chemistry, and (e) the ability to execute a sophisticated 'genetic' analysis through in vitro selection. Specific Aims are: (1) Identify the structural and functional roles of specific nucleotides and functional groups implicated in catalysis and folding; (2) Isolate peudorrevertants of inactivating mutations by in vitro selection, and establish the mechanism of functional compensation; (3) Characterize and model conformational changes during the catalytic cycle, and determine which are necessary for catalytic function; (4) Develop and test models of the catalytic mechanism. The biomedical importance of this work includes (i) the advancement of our understanding of RNA structure and how it leads to catalytic activity, (ii) understanding biological reactions catalyzed by ribozymes and ribonucleoprotein complexes (including the ribosome and the spliceosome) in biological reactions, and (iii) the application of our understanding of catalytic RNA and ribozyme engineering to improving health, through functional genomics, pharmaceutical target validation, and the development of selective ribozyme based therapeutics for genetic and viral diseases.