BRAIN CHEMISTRY BY MR SPECTROSCOPIC IMAGING

这个子项目是利用由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供的资源的许多研究子项目之一。子项目和调查员(PI)可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金，因此可能会出现在其他CRISE条目中。列出的机构是针对中心的，而不一定是针对调查员的机构。在过去的二十年里，利用质子(1H)、磷(31P)和碳(13C)等核磁共振波谱获得了关于大脑代谢物水平和通量的有价值的信息。虽然已经有了光谱成像技术，但这些研究大多是针对单一体积元素(体素)的。研究将受益于使用MRSI将覆盖范围扩大到全脑，但今天的MRSI协议通常需要30分钟到一小时的总扫描时间，并且通常限于长回声时间(TE)。因此，这些方法无法研究神经障碍或年龄限制顺应性的受试者群体和横向松弛时间较短的代谢物，从而排除了重要的神经递质，如谷氨酸和GABA。我们的长期目标是在广泛可用的1.5Tesla人类磁共振系统上开发快速、定量的短TE质子磁共振成像方法。我们还将开发13C MRSI的协议。最后，我们将开发MRSI处理软件，因为提供高效和用户友好的处理软件对传播和广泛使用MRSI至关重要。处理软件将适用于任何领域的机器，并将支持来自多个制造商的文件格式，也允许程序的广泛传播。这项工作是由NIH资助的关于智力低下和学习障碍(LD)(特别是与1型神经纤维瘤病相关的LD)(协作1)、雷特综合征(协作2)、脑瘤(协作4)、中风(协作5)、(协作8)和精神分裂症(协作10)的合作赠款的需求推动的。此外，TRD 2还将为NIH资助的肾上腺脑白质营养不良(ALD)项目(服务1)、神经发育脑研究单位(服务项目2)和低温循环停止(服务项目4)提供服务。除了对JHU和KKI的学生、住院医生、访问研究员和博士后研究员进行培训外，TRD 2还将支持对几名由NIH资助(K奖)的临床研究人员的培训，包括Egeth博士、Lahti博士和Dr.Cutting博士(培训补助金4、5和7)。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Over the past two decades, valuable information on brain metabolite levels and fluxes has been obtained using in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy of nuclei such as protons (1H), phosphorus (31P), and carbon (13C). Although spectroscopic imaging technology has been available, most of these studies have been on single volume elements (voxels). Research would benefit from extension to whole brain coverage using MRSI, but today's MRSI protocols typically require total scan times on the order of 30 minutes to one hour and are generally limited to long echo times (TE). These methods are therefore unable to study both subject populations whose neurological disorder or age limit compliance and metabolites with short transverse relaxation times, thereby excluding important neurotransmitters such as glutamate and GABA. Our long term goal is to develop rapid, quantitative methods for short-TE proton MRSI on widely-available 1.5 Tesla human MR systems. We will also develop protocols for 13C MRSI. Finally, we will develop MRSI processing software, since the availability of efficient and user-friendly processing software is vitally important for the dissemination and widespread use of MRSI. The processing software will be applicable for machines of any field strength, and will support file formats from multiple manufacturers, also permitting widespread dissemination of the programs. The work is driven by the needs of collaborative NIH funded grants on Mental retardation and Learning Disabilities (LD) (in particular, LD associated with Neurofibromatosis Type 1) (Collaboration 1), Rett Syndrome (Collaboration 2), Brain tumors (Collaboration 4), Stroke (Collaboration 5), (Collaboration 8) and Schizophrenia (Collaboration 10). In addition, TRD 2 will also provide service for NIH funded projects on Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) (Service 1), the Neurodevelopmental Brain Research Unit (Service Project 2), and Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest (Service Project 4). In addition to the training of students, residents, visiting and post-doctoral fellows at JHU and KKI, TRD 2 will also support the training of several NIH-funded (K-award) clinician researchers, including Dr Egeth, Dr Lahti and Dr Cutting (training grants 4, 5 and 7).