PRODUCTION AND PERCEPTION OF PHONOLOGICAL SEQUENCES

项目描述（申请人提供）：本项目研究语音序列的产生和感知。我们的指导假设是，语音处理系统是不断变化的。它适应最近的经验，同时继续反映一生的口语和听力积累的经验。拟议中的研究旨在了解的适应性的语音处理系统，强调系统的使用一般的语音模式，如音位限制的可塑性。众所周知，言语错误或“口误”表现出语音规则性效应：错误很少产生在所讲语言中不合法的声音组合。例如，英语使用者可能会把“nun”读错为“nung”，但不会把“ngung”读错，因为这违反了英语中“ng”永远不能开始音节的限制。我们创造了一个实验室模拟这种效果，并用它来证明学习。实验受试者会背诵一串音节，其中辅音被人为地限制在音节中的特定位置;例如，/f/总是作为音节开始出现。当受试者经历这些音节时，他们的口误对辅音的分布变得非常敏感。例如，几乎每一个/f/的错位都遵循了/f/是这个实验的开始的规则。这些数据表明，受试者内隐学习的声音分布，这种学习影响他们的生产。我们在感知上也证明了同样的效果。受试者听的音节辅音位置的限制，在后来的快速重复任务，新的音节，与实验的音位结构一致的重复速度比音节不一致。本研究拟利用这些技术来探讨语音加工系统中的学习机制。这些研究操纵要获得的语音模式，并直接比较产生和感知以及成人和婴儿的学习。这些实验是由学习的心理学理论和表征的语言学理论，所获得的数据将被用来限制语音加工系统中的内隐学习的计算模型的发展。这项研究将产生一个新的理解如何处理系统的经验，这最终将有助于语言障碍的治疗和语言教学。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project studies the production and perception of phonological sequences. Our guiding assumption is that the phonological processing system is constantly changing. It adapts to recent experience, while continuing to reflect the accumulated experience of a lifetime of speaking and listening. The proposed research seeks to understand the adaptability of the phonological processing system, with an emphasis on the malleability of the system's use of general phonological patterns, such as phonotactic constraints. It is well known that speech errors or "slips of the tongue" exhibit the phonotactic regularity effect: Errors rarely create combinations of sounds that are illegal in the language being spoken. For example, an English speaker might mispronounce "nun" as "nung", but not "ngung" because that violates the constraint of English that "ng" can never begin a syllable. We created a laboratory analog to this effect and used it to demonstrate learning. Experimental subjects recited strings of syllables in which consonants were artificially restricted to particular positions in syllables; for example, /f/ always occurred as a syllable onset. As subjects experienced these syllables, their slips became strongly sensitive to the distributions of the consonants. For example, nearly every misplacement of /f/ obeyed the rule that /f/ is an onset for this experiment. These data suggest that subjects implicitly learned the sound distributions, and this learning affected their productions. We demonstrated the same effect in perception. Subjects listened to syllables with consonant-position restrictions; in a later speeded repetition task, new syllables that were consistent with the phonotactics of the experiment were repeated more rapidly than syllables that were inconsistent. The proposed research uses these techniques to investigate learning mechanisms in the phonological processing system. The studies manipulate the phonological patterns to be acquired and make direct comparisons between production and perception and between learning by adults and infants. These experiments are informed by psychological theories of learning and linguistic theories of representation, and the obtained data will be used to constrain development of computational models of implicit learning in the phonological processing system. The research will yield a new understanding of how the processing system responds to experience, which ultimately will contribute to the treatment of language disorders and to language pedagogy.