New Hispanic Communities and HIV Risk

描述(由申请人提供)：这项研究利用定性/人种学研究方法来识别和描述纽约大都会地区的新拉美裔移民人口和艾滋病毒风险，该地区是美国受艾滋病毒/艾滋病和拉美裔移民影响最严重的地区之一。对于这些不断增加的、基本上隐藏的人口，既没有准确的人口数据，也没有血清流行率数据。我们的研究正在覆盖城市、郊区和农村地区的多米尼加人、墨西哥人和中美洲人的新社区。拟议的续设使最初的定性研究得以完成，但由于一年R01的时间和预算限制而进行了修改。这涉及：(A)完成最初提议的第一年遗址(韦斯特切斯特/普特南和萨福克)的人种学实地工作；(B)在曼哈顿北部的其余(城市)遗址进行人种学研究；(C)扩大到初步调查结果中确定为重要的毗邻遗址(罗克兰)。将对来自目标群体的136名移民和14名主要信息提供人进行访谈或焦点小组，并进行人种学实地考察和社会测绘。具体地说，本研究试图描述文化图式对HIV药物和性相关危险行为的影响，并按性别和文化群体(民族)进行比较。我们探讨了文化适应和文化与环境的互动如何在纽约地区的三个不同环境条件下塑造与艾滋病毒相关的风险和保护行为。我们还建议继续描述这些人口目前的流动模式以及流动性、文化适应和潜在的艾滋病毒传播行为之间的关系。最后，我们将评估这些人群对艾滋病毒预防服务的态度、感知的需求和获得服务的机会。将确定服务利用的障碍和促进者，以帮助制定针对这些人口的应急预防战略。调查结果将对政策、研究和预防规划具有地方、国家和国际效用。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This study utilizes qualitative/ethnographic research methods to identify and describe new Hispanic immigrant populations and HIV risk in the Metropolitan New York Area, one of the most affected in the nation by HIV/AIDS and Hispanic immigration. Neither accurate population nor sero prevalence data exist for these increasing and largely hidden populations. Our study is reaching new communities of Dominicans, Mexicans and Central Americans in urban, sub-urban and rural locations. The proposed continuation permits completion of the original qualitative study, modified because of time and budgetary constraints of a one-year R01. This involves: (a) completion of the originally proposed ethnographic fieldwork in the Year-one sites (Westchester/Putnam and Suffolk); (b) implementation of ethnographic research in the remaining (urban) site, northern Manhattan; and (c) expansion to an adjoining site identified as important in preliminary findings (Rockland). Interviews or focus groups will be conducted with 136 immigrants from the target groups and 14 key informants, as well as ethnographic fieldwork and social mapping. Specifically, this research seeks to describe the influence of cultural schema on HIV drug- and sex-related risk behaviors and to compare these by sex and culture group (nationality). We explore how cultural adaptations and interactions of culture and environment may shape HIV-related risk and protective behaviors in three different environmental conditions in the New York area. We also propose to continue the description of current mobility patterns of these populations and the relationships among mobility, cultural adaptations and potential HIV transmission behaviors. Finally, we will assess attitudes toward, perceived need of, and access to, HIV prevention services for these populations. Barriers and facilitators to service utilization will be identified to aid in the development of responsive prevention strategies directed at these populations. Findings will have local, national, and international utility for policy, research, and prevention planning.