A Wide-Area System for Power Transmission Security Enhancement Using a Process Systems Approach

在2003年发生了一系列严重的停电事件后，欧盟和美国的政策制定者强调(i)需要改进交流输电网基础设施和先进的控制技术，以在日益复杂的运行环境中增强稳定性和安全性，以及（ii）新兴的基于测量的技术对实现这种增强运行的重要性。本提案的概念是利用高带宽SCADA系统和基于时间同步相量测量单元的广域测量系统（WAMS）等新兴测量技术，建立一个传输安全评估系统。这将导致更好的态势感知，并启动控制行动，以实现更接近负载约束的最佳操作，同时降低停电的风险。最近在石油、天然气和化工厂中使用的基于测量的分析的发展，为电力传输系统中新兴的基于测量的技术提供了更好的信号分析应用。本项目提出的基于测量的系统将大大扩展目前使用的基本方法，并将导致对输电系统安全威胁的根本原因进行定位和实时诊断，并采取措施控制局势。与目前使用的传输系统模型相比，它提供了一种更具预测性、响应性和准确性的方法，而现在用于实验WAMS和高带宽SCADA系统的信号分析方法将从目前对航空航天工业采用的傅里叶方法的狭隘强调中得到发展。例如，该项目将开发用于瞬态事件激发系统非线性时的信号分析方法。这将更准确地显示发展中国家的紧急情况的真实情况。这个项目很及时，对欧盟和美国在2006年春季的政策文件中确定的研究需求作出了立即的反应。成功地将重点从基于模型的评估转移到基于测量的评估，将有利于交流输电稳定性和安全性的更广泛领域，并创建适合技术转让的交流输电安全增强系统。一个一流的团队已经为这项任务集合起来，即伦敦帝国理工学院（在区域间振荡的鲁棒阻尼控制方面的专业知识）和伦敦大学学院（在过程系统的基于测量的分析方面的专业知识），国家电网（提供高带宽SCADA数据，系统规范和测试，英国工业观点）和ABB（提供PMU数据，系统开发，来自欧洲大陆的工业观点）。这所大学的研究人员将以借调的形式与国家电网和ABB一起完成部分工作，期待这个团队取得成功是相当现实的。

Following a series of serious power blackout incidents in 2003, policy makers in the European Union and the USA have highlighted (i) the need for improved a.c. transmission grid infrastructure and advanced control technologies to enhance stability and security in an increasingly complex operating environment, and (ii) the importance of emerging measurement-based technology towards achieving such enhanced operation. The concept of this proposal is a system for transmission security assessment using the emerging measurement technologies of high-bandwidth SCADA systems and the wide area measurement systems (WAMS) which are based on time-synchronized phasor measurement units. It will lead to better situational awareness and initiate control action for optimal operation closer to loading constraints while reducing the risks of blackouts.Very recent developments in measurement-based analyses being used in oil, gas and chemicals plants point the way towards much better signal analysis applications for the emerging measurement-based technologies in power transmission systems. The measurement-based system proposed in this project would greatly extend the basic methods that are used at present and will lead to localization and real-time diagnosis of the root causes of threats to transmission system security and actions to control the situation. It offers a more predictive, responsive and accurate approach than the transmission system models which are currently used, while the signal analysis methods now being used in experimental WAMS and high-bandwidth SCADA systems would advance from their current narrow emphasis on Fourier methods adopted from the aerospace industries. For instance the project would develop signal analysis methods for use when transient events excite system non-linearities. This will provide a much more accurate indication of the true situation during developing emergencies.This project is timely and is giving an immediate response to research needs identified in the Spring of 2006 in policy documents from the EU and US. Success in shifting the emphasis from model-based to measurement-based assessments will benefit the wider field of a.c. transmission stability and security as well as creating an a.c. transmission security enhancement system in a fit state for technology transfer. A first-rate team has been assembled for the task, namely Imperial College London (expertise in robust damping control of inter-area oscillations) and UCL (expertise in measurement-based analysis for process systems), National Grid (provision of high-bandwidth SCADA data, system specification and testing, a UK industrial viewpoint) and ABB (provision of PMU data, system development, the industrial viewpoint from continental Europe). The university researchers will do part of the work on secondment with National Grid and ABB. It is quite realistic to expect success from this team.