Design of a DIRC Particle Identification Detector for the PANDA Experiment at FAIR

强相互作用是支配我们周围世界的四种基本力量之一。它负责创造大量可见物质，将物质的基本组成部分-所谓的夸克-限制在原子核的组成部分-质子和中子中，并将夸克结合成新的，短寿命的粒子，称为重子和介子。与其他力相比，强相互作用的特殊之处在于其强度随距离的增加而增加，这种现象称为限制。尽管量子色动力学（简称QCD）的基本性质似乎已经为人所知，但仍有许多谜团有待解决。PANDA合作计划建立一个最先进的通用探测器系统，以研究计划在德国达姆施塔特GSI的FAIR设施中的高能储存环HESR内部的质子或核目标上的反质子撞击反应。该探测器的目标是利用高强度相空间冷却反质子束与灵活排列的目标碰撞所提供的非凡的物理潜力。这个探测器与相互作用粒子物种的独特特征一起，将为我们理解强力和基本理论打开一扇新的窗口。高精度探测设备是强制性的，以充分利用规划设施的物理潜力。特别是，所有反应产物的完整检测-所谓的最终状态-连同它们的所有属性，特别是它们的起源和动量是必要的。在理解潜在的反应机理时，识别反应产物的粒子种类是至关重要的。虽然有几种方法可以识别某种颗粒类型，但所有方法都有其固有的局限性。需要新的技术来利用PANDA合作所针对的丰富的物理程序。一个迄今为止从未完全真实的

The strong interaction is one of the four fundamental forces governing the world around us. It is responsible for the creation of the bulk mass of visible matter, confining the fundamental building blocks of matter - so called quarks - into the constituents of atomic nuclei, the protons and neutrons as well as binding quarks into new, shortlived particles known as baryons and mesons. The strong interaction is peculiar compared to other forces in that its strength grows with distance, a phenomenon called confinement. Although the basic properties of the underlying quantum field theory -called Quantum Chromodynamics, or QCD for short- seem to be known, many mysteries remain to be resolved. The PANDA collaboration proposes to build a state-of-the-art universal detector system to study reactions of anti-protons impinging on a proton or nuclear target internal to the high energy storage ring HESR at the planned FAIR facility at GSI, Darmstadt, Germany. The detector aims at taking advantage of the extraordinary physics potential offered by a high intensity phase space cooled anti-proton beam colliding with a flexible arrangement of targets. This detector together with the unique features of the interacting particle species will open a new window to our understanding of the strong force and the underlying theory. High precision detection devices are mandatory to fully exploit the physics potential of the planned facility. In particular, the complete detection of all reaction products - the so called final state - together with all their properties, esp. their origin and momentum is necessary. In understanding the underlying reaction mechanisms, identification of the particle species of the reaction products is of utmost importance. While there are several ways of identifying a certain particle type, all methods have their inherent limitations. Novel techniques are needed to exploit the rich physics program aimed for by the PANDA collaboration. A hitherto never fully real