Development of a Focussing Disc DIRC for PANDA at FAIR

在 FAIR 上为 PANDA 开发聚焦盘 DIRC

• 批准号: ST/H000321/1
• 负责人: Bjoern Seitz
• 金额: $ 50.26万
• 依托单位: University of Glasgow
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2009 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FH000321%2F1
• 关键词: Development; Focussing; Disc; DIRC; PANDA

There are four fundamental forces in nature, of which gravity and electromagnetism are the most familiar. The former makes apples fall from trees and keeps planets in their orbits around the sun; the latter holds molecules together and operates iPods. The third force is the so-called weak force and is responsible for beta decay processes, such as the creation of positrons in Positron Emission Tomography. The fourth force is called strong force because it is 13 orders of magnitude (or ten thousand billion times) stronger than the weak force. The strong force is responsible for binding together atomic nuclei. At an even smaller scale than nuclei, it is the interaction that forms hadrons from quarks and gluons, and is therefore responsible for most of the observable mass in the universe. Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is widely accepted as the fundamental theory describing the strong interaction; a recent Nobel Prize (2004, Gross, Politzer, Wilczek) was awarded for the development of this theory. The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research, FAIR, is a new international accelerator facility, to be located on the site of the GSI laboratory in Darmstadt, Germany. GSI itself is well known for the discovery of some super-heavy elements, e.g. element 110, Darmstadtium. The existing GSI accelerators will serve as injectors for the new facility. The main accelerator of FAIR will be a double-ring synchrotron that will provide ion beams of unprecedented intensities at considerably increased energy. Intense secondary beams - unstable nuclei or antiprotons - can be produced. A system of storage-cooler rings will allow the quality of these secondary beams - their energy spread and emittance - to be drastically improved. One of the flagship experiments of FAIR, PANDA, will be a QCD experiment. It will be located in the new High Energy Storage Ring (HESR), where an anti-proton beam at momenta of 1 to 15 GeV/c impinges on a target. The main research topics at PANDA will be: - Charmonium spectroscopy: Precision measurements of charmonium states (states with charm quarks) will help to understand the origin of the masses of hadrons. In addition, the mechanism of confinement of quarks in hadrons can be investigated. -Glueballs and Hybrids: The quark model picture of mesons is that they consist of a quark and an antiquark. QCD predicts that there could be different combinations that do not fit this model: quarks with gluonic excitations, or gluons only. -Proton structure: Mapping out the spatial and spin distributions of quarks in the nucleon will lead to a deeper understanding of hadron structure. The FAIR project was launched formally in November 2007, and the construction of the accelerators will commence in 2008. This is the point in time where the construction tasks for the experiments are being distributed among the collaborating institutes. In this proposal, we are applying for funding to develop one of the crucial parts of the PANDA detector, the particle identification endcap disc DIRC, which is an innovative Glasgow-Edinburgh design and will be the first detector of its kind world-wide. We are leading this project within PANDA and are also playing a leading role in the overall particle identification. The UK groups are founding members of the PANDA experiment, now an international collaboration with ca. 400 members from 17 countries. The funding of this proposal will ensure that we continue playing a leading role in the design and construction of this vital part of the experiment.

自然界中有四种基本力，其中重力和电磁力是最熟悉的。前者使苹果从树上掉下来，并使行星保持在围绕太阳的轨道上;后者使分子聚集在一起，并操作iPod。第三种力是所谓的弱力，负责β衰变过程，例如正电子发射断层扫描中正电子的产生。第四种力被称为强力，因为它比弱力强13个数量级（或一万亿倍）。强力负责把原子核结合在一起。在比原子核更小的尺度上，它是由夸克和胶子形成强子的相互作用，因此是宇宙中大部分可观测质量的原因。量子色动力学（QCD）被广泛接受为描述强相互作用的基本理论;最近的诺贝尔奖（2004年，格罗斯，波利策，威尔切克）被授予该理论的发展。反质子和离子研究设施（FAIR）是一个新的国际加速器设施，将设在德国达姆施塔特的GSI实验室。GSI本身以发现一些超重元素而闻名，例如元素110，达姆斯塔德。现有的GSI加速器将作为新设施的注入器。FAIR的主要加速器将是一个双环同步加速器，它将以大大增加的能量提供前所未有的强度的离子束。可以产生强烈的次级束--不稳定的原子核或反质子。一个储存冷却环系统将使这些次级束的质量--它们的能量扩散和发射率--得到极大的改善。FAIR的旗舰实验之一PANDA将是QCD实验。它将位于新的高能储存环（HESR）中，在那里，动量为1至15 GeV/c的反质子束撞击目标。PANDA的主要研究课题是：-粲偶素光谱学：精确测量粲偶素态（具有粲夸克的状态）将有助于理解强子质量的起源。此外，还可以研究夸克禁闭在强子中的机制。- 夸克球和混合体：介子的夸克模型图像是它们由一个夸克和一个反夸克组成。QCD预言，可能有不同的组合不符合这个模型：夸克与胶子激发，或胶子。- 质子结构：绘制出核子中夸克的空间和自旋分布将导致对强子结构的更深入理解。FAIR项目于2007年11月正式启动，加速器的建设将于2008年开始。这是在合作研究所之间分配实验建设任务的时间点。在这项提案中，我们正在申请资金开发PANDA探测器的关键部件之一，粒子识别端盖盘DIRC，这是一个创新的爱丁堡设计，将是世界上第一个同类探测器。我们在PANDA内领导该项目，并在整个颗粒识别中发挥主导作用。这些英国团体是熊猫实验的创始成员，现在是与ca的国际合作。来自17个国家的400名成员。这项提案的资金将确保我们继续在设计和建造实验的这一重要部分方面发挥主导作用。

项目成果

Systematic studies of micro-channel plate PMTs

• DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2010.09.071
• 发表时间: 2011-05
• 期刊: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment
• 影响因子: 1.4
• 作者: A. Lehmann;A. Britting;E. Cowie;V.Kh. Dodokhof;M. Düren;D. Dutta;W. Eyrich;K. Föhl;D. Glazier;A. Hayrapetyan;M. Hoek;R. Hohler;R. Kaiser;T. Keri;P. Koch;B. Kröck;D. Lehmann;J. Marton;O. Merle;R. Montgomery;K. Peters;S. Reinicke;G. Rosner;B. Roy;G. Schepers;L. Schmitt;C. Schwarz;J. Schwiening;B. Seitz;C. Sfientie;Ken Suzuki;F. Uhlig;A. Vodopianov;D. Watts;W. Yu

Technical Design Report for the: PANDA Micro Vertex Detector

PANDA 微型顶点探测器的技术设计报告

• 发表时间: 2012
• 作者: ,;Others
• 通讯作者: Others

A focussing disc DIRC for PANDA

PANDA 调焦盘 DIRC

• DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2010.09.132
• 发表时间: 2011
• 期刊: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
• 作者: Cowie E

Reconstruction methods - P¯ANDA Focussing-Lightguide Disc DIRC

重建方法 - P´ANDA Focussing-Lightguide Disc DIRC

• DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/4/09/p09005
• 发表时间: 2009
• 期刊: Journal of Instrumentation
• 影响因子: 1.3
• 作者: Cowie E

Tailoring the radiation hardness of fused silica

定制熔融石英的辐射硬度

• DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2010.09.177
• 发表时间: 2011
• 期刊: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
• 作者: Hoek M