Pediatric Nephrology Training Program

描述（由申请人提供）： 该培训计划的目标是毕业物理科学家承担学术儿科肾病领域的领导角色。这是通过在儿科肾脏病学实践的各个方面进行为期一年的密集临床培训来实现的，由与该补助金分开的资金支持，然后是两到三年的综合研究培训，无论是基础科学还是临床研究。完成该计划的学员完全符合儿科肾病的子委员会资格，并有望在学术机构担任教职，并开始向独立调查职业的过渡，通常通过一个指导科学家计划。该计划的开发直接回应了学术儿科肾病学的关键人力短缺，这是/是再加上认识到，在这个国家的大多数传统的儿科肾病学培训计划是由临床收入资助，因此，提供基础科学和临床调查的研究培训不足。据估计，目前在美国每20万名儿童就有一名儿科肾病学家。相比之下，每60，000名成年人中估计有14名内科肾病学家。鉴于最近在分子生物学和临床研究方面的重大进展，目前很少有传统的儿科肾脏病学培训计划旨在为学员提供机会，以获得这些学科的方法和概念的实质性专业知识。超过6500名美国儿童患有终末期肾病（ESRD），并且许多倍于该数字的儿童受到慢性肾病的影响。目前，整个ESRD计划耗资近250亿美元，其中联邦政府支出超过170亿美元。尽管做出了这些努力，接受透析和移植的儿童的死亡率仍然高得令人无法接受，是成人的3倍，占婴儿人口的15%以上。这种高死亡率的原因仍然不清楚，不幸的是，目前很少有研究正在进行中，以解决这个问题。此外，现在很明显，许多导致成人慢性肾脏疾病的疾病开始于儿童时期。迫切需要通过研究来解决儿童肾脏疾病的公共卫生问题，并培训新的医生科学家来完成这项关键工作。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this training program is to graduate physican-scientists to assume leadership roles in the field of academic Pediatric Nephrology. This is accomplished by an intense year of clinical training in all aspects of Pediatric Nephrology practice, supported by funds that are separate from this grant, followed by two-three years of comprehensive research training, either in basic science or clinical research. Trainees who complete the program are fully sub-board eligible in Pediatric Nephrology and expected to assume faculty positions at academic institutions and to begin the transition to independent investigative careers, usually via one of the mentored scientist programs. This program was developed in direct response to a critical manpower shortage in academic pediatric neprhology, which was/is coupled with the realization that most traditional pediatric nephrology training programs in this country are funded by clinical revenues and, therefore, provide inadequate research training in basic science and clinical investigation. It is estimaged that there is currently one pediatric nephrologist available in the U.S.A. for every 200,000 children. Comparatively, there are an estimated fourteen internist nephrologists per every 60,000 adults. Given recent significant advances in both molecular biology and clinical research, few traditional training programs in pediatric nephrology are presently designed to provide trainees with an opportunity to acquire substantive expertise with the methodologies and concepts of these disciplines. More than 6500 American children suffer from end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and many times that number are affected by chronic kidney disease. Currently, the entire ESRD program costs nearly $25 billion, with the federal government spending more than $17 billion. Despite these efforts, children receiving dialysis and transplantation have unacceptably high mortality rates, 3 times that of adults and more than 15% of the infant population. The reasons for this high mortality remain poorly defined, and, unfortunately, few studies are currently in progress to address this issue. Furthermore, it is now evident that many of the diseases that cause chronic kidney diseasse in adults begin in childhood. There is a pressing need to address these public health issues of kidney disease in children through research, and to train new physician-scientists to perform that critical work.