Equipment for Multiple Projects: Testing and Visualization for Aerospace Research

(i)复合材料和结构的建模和优化巴斯复合材料研究单位正在进行有关层压板，子组件（加强板和流量控制装置）和组件（翼箱）的建模和优化的工作。为了从复合材料中获得最大的好处，需要通过物理测试验证和告知这种建模，并将对这种测试的响应可视化。这允许深入了解内部微观/宏观结构，损伤容限和物理载荷的影响。显然，在整个组件（机翼）级别上进行测试是禁止的，但在子组件级别及其以下的行为可以通过访问最先进的技术来监控。因此，与复合材料建模和优化相关的提案主题是获得能够在子组件和组件级别进行结构测试和可视化的设备。它将加强这一领域八个正在进行的项目的活动。（ii）复合材料的无损评估（NDE）大型复合材料组件和结构的出现提出了一个主要的新检测问题，因为在制造和使用过程中需要对大面积（许多平方米）的表面进行详细检查。在制造和使用过程中，复合材料特别容易受到相对较小的低速冲击造成的冲击损伤。这种损伤在复合材料层之间的冲击表面下以隐藏分层的形式出现。在表面上，撞击的证据可能很少或没有，因此这种损伤被称为几乎不可见的撞击损伤（BVID）。这种内部损伤会导致局部强度的显著降低。最初的脱层会在交替或波动的应力下生长，导致刚度损失，并可能导致灾难性的破坏。因此，检测和监测高负荷复合材料部件的损伤，并通过使用先进、稳健和可靠的可视化技术将其与残余强度的降低联系起来，是至关重要的。该提案旨在获得设备，以增强巴斯首创的NDE技术。（三）涡旋流动与非定常空气动力学与本提案相关的空气动力学项目是一般的流固相互作用，与无人驾驶飞行器和微型飞行器相关。这些车辆将具有高度的机动性、极轻的重量和高度的灵活性。因此，强烈的流体-结构相互作用是预期的。拟议的设备将提供用于实验测试的模型的结构模态形状和振动频率，包括柔性三角翼、柔性扑翼和膜翼。这些将与空气动力学测量相结合，以获得这些机翼的完整气动弹性响应。

(i) Modelling and Optimisation of Composite Materials and Structures The Bath Composites Research Unit has ongoing work relating to modelling and optimisation of laminated coupons, sub-components (stiffened-panels and flow control devices) and, components (wing boxes). In order to gain maximum benefit from composite materials there is a need to validate and inform this modelling by physical testing, and visualization of the response to such tests. This allows insight into internal micro/macro structures, damage tolerance, and the effects of physical loads. Clearly, it is prohibitive to test at the full component (wing) level but behaviour at, and below, the sub-component level can be monitored through access to state of the art technology. The theme of the proposal in relation to modelling and optimisation of composites is therefore to obtain equipment that enables structural testing and visualisation at sub-component and coupon level. It will enhance the activities of eight ongoing projects in this area.(ii) Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) of compositesThe advent of large composite components and structures presents a major new inspection problem because large areas (many square metres) of surface require detailed inspection during manufacture and in-service. Composites are particularly vulnerable to impact damage caused by comparatively minor low velocity impacts both during manufacture and in-service. This damage takes the form of hidden delaminations below the impacted surface between composite plies. At the surface there may be little or no evidenced of the impact and for this reason the damage is known as barely visible impact damage (BVID). Such internal damage can lead to significant reduction in local strength. The initial delaminations can grow under alternating or fluctuating stress leading to a loss in stiffness and possibly, catastrophic failure. It is therefore vital to detect and monitor damage in high-loaded composite components and to relate this to the reduction of residual strength via the use of advanced, robust and reliable visualization techniques. The proposal seeks to obtain equipment to enhance NDE techniques being pioneered at Bath.(iii) Vortex Flows & Unsteady AerodynamicsThe aerodynamics projects related to this proposal are generic fluid-structure interactions and are relevant to Unmanned Air Vehicles and Micro Air Vehicles. These vehicles will be highly manoeuvrable, extremely light weight and highly flexible. Hence, strong fluid-structure interactions are expected. The proposed equipment will provide the structural modal shapes and vibration frequencies of models used in experimental tests covering flexible delta wings, flexible flapping wings and membrane wings. These will be combined with aerodynamic measurements to obtain the full aeroelastic response of these wings.