Curcumin reverses tumor exosomes-mediated inhibition of myeloid differentiation

描述（由申请人提供）：天然存在的多酚，姜黄素，已被证明是一种有效的化疗药物在各种肿瘤模型；然而，其对肿瘤相关免疫抑制的作用尚未深入研究。未成熟髓样细胞的积累是癌症的一个标志，我们的数据表明肿瘤产生的外泌体可以抑制未成熟髓样细胞（iMCs）的分化。我们现在发现姜黄素治疗可抑制肿瘤外泌体介导的小鼠IMCs分化抑制，阻止其在脾脏积聚并延缓肿瘤生长。利用蛋白质组学方法分析肿瘤外泌体的组成，发现CSN5是候选调控分子，CSN5的siRNA敲低导致肿瘤外泌体介导的脾脏IMCs诱导减弱，表明外泌体CSN5在肿瘤外泌体介导的免疫抑制中起关键作用。我们现在发现姜黄素治疗使外泌体CSN5不稳定。外泌体CSN5与磷酸化的STAM1相关时是稳定的。姜黄素处理导致STAM1的去磷酸化，允许E3连接酶BARD1/BRCA1募集到CSN5复合体，导致CSN5降解。我们的体外激酶实验结果表明，姜黄素介导的STAM1与CSN5复合物的分离很可能是由于CSN5相关激酶活性的抑制。这些研究的临床相关性得到了我们最近的数据的支持，这些数据表明CSN5被包装在从乳腺癌患者而不是健康受试者的外周血中分离的外泌体中。我们建议：(1)利用siRNA技术确定肿瘤外泌体CSN5是否是姜黄素预防乳腺肿瘤外泌体介导的免疫抑制的主要靶点；(2)确定CSN5相关激酶活性是否能阻止TS/A肿瘤细胞中CSN5 BARD1/BRCA1 E3复合物降解；(3)确定姜黄素治疗人肿瘤细胞是否导致CSN5降解，阻止CD33（相当于小鼠GDI lb+） Grl+细胞分化阻断。我们将进一步确定携带CSN5的外泌体是否在乳腺癌患者的外周血中循环，以及外泌体的过量产生是否与乳腺癌患者iMCs的积累相关。相关：所产生的数据应确定姜黄素作用的新机制，并确定其在阻止CSN5/肿瘤外泌体介导的髓细胞分化阻断中的分子靶点。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The naturally occurring polyphenol, curcumin, has been shown to be a potent chemotherapeutic agent in a variety of tumor models; however, its effects on tumor-associated immunosuppression have not been investigated to any great extent. The accumulation of immature myeloid cells is a hallmark of cancer and our data indicate that exosomes produced by tumors can suppress the differentiation of immature myeloid cells (iMCs). We have now found that curcumin treatment inhibits the tumor exosome-mediated suppression of differentiation of IMCs in mice, preventing their accumulation in the spleen and delaying tumor growth. Analysis of the composition of the tumor exosomes using a proteomics approach identified CSN5 as a candidate regulatory molecule and siRNA knockdown of CSN5 resulted in attenuation of the tumor exosome- mediated induction of IMCs in the spleen, suggesting that exosomal CSN5 plays a key role in tumor exosome-mediated immune suppression. We have now found that curcumin treatment destabilizes exosomal CSN5. The exosomal CSN5 is stable when associated with phosphorylated STAM1. Curcumin treatment leads to the dephosphorylation of STAM1 permitting the recruitment of an E3 ligase BARD1/BRCA1 to the CSN5 complex, resulting in CSN5 degradation. Our in vitro kinase assay results indicate that the curcumin- mediated disassociation of STAM1 from CSN5 complex is most likely due to the inhibition of CSN5- associated kinase activity. The clinical relevance of these studies is supported by our recent data that indicate that CSN5 is packed in exosomes isolated from the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients but not healthy subjects. We propose: (1) To use siRNA technology to determine if tumor exosomal CSN5 is a primary target of curcumin in its prevention of breast tumor exosome-mediated immunosuppression; (2) To determine whether CSN5-associated kinase activity prevents BARD1/BRCA1 E3 complex degradation of CSN5 in TS/A tumor cells; and (3) To determine whether curcumin treatment of human tumor cells results in degradation of CSN5 and prevents blocking of differentiation of CD33 (equivalent to mouse GDI lb+) Grl+ cells. We will further determine if exosomes packed with CSN5 circulate in the peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer and if overproduction of exosomes is correlated with the accumulation of iMCs in patients with breast cancer. RELEVANCE: The data generated should identify a novel mechanism for the actions of curcumin and identify its molecular targets in preventing CSN5/tumor exosome-mediated blockade of myeloid cell differentiation.