Coping with Childhood Diabetes: Sibling Influences

糖尿病是一种慢性疾病，影响多达1600万美国人。糖尿病的保健费用 据估计，在美国每年约有1000亿美元（美国糖尿病协会）。我们的长期 目的是解释为什么一些糖尿病儿童能够实现积极的情绪和行为 其他孩子表现出抑郁和焦虑。我们还将决定是否以及如何 兄弟姐妹因素的压力应对过程和维持积极的调整。具体 一种假设是，患有糖尿病的儿童，如果他们的哥哥姐姐模仿了适应性应对， 情感和工具支持将显示更好的心理功能。我们以此为基础 假设的研究结果表明，哥哥姐姐是强大的社会化代理人的儿童的认知， 社交和情感发展具体目标是： 1.确定糖尿病儿童中与疾病相关的和常见的发育压力源。 2.描述用于处理这些压力源的典型应对策略，特别注意 包含兄弟姐妹互动的应对方式。 3.调查儿童的压力、应对和心理健康（抑郁和焦虑）之间的联系 糖尿病患者和他们的兄弟姐妹 4.确定因素（例如，同胞二分体的性别组成，病史，青春期发育， 控制等）改变压力，应对和心理健康之间的联系。我们将解决这些目标 通过使用家庭系统框架和收集102名儿童（同样来自非洲）的数据， 美国人、西班牙裔和非西班牙裔白色人群），年龄在8至14岁之间， 2型糖尿病的症状这些孩子，沿着至少有一个父母和一个年长的兄弟姐妹， 参加90分钟的访谈，旨在评估心理和身体健康，压力，应对， 家庭互动。Sixth还将在2-3周的时间内参加7次后续电话会议 在此期间，他们将报告日常活动，包括兄弟姐妹的互动。结果预计将有 直接影响有效的糖尿病干预。

Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects as many as 16 million Americans. Health care costs for diabetes are estimated to be nearly $100 billion per year in the US (American Diabetes Association). Our long-term goal is to explain why some children with diabetes manage to achieve positive emotional and behavioral adjustment and other children evidence depression and anxiety. We will also determine whether and how siblings factor into the stress-coping process and maintenance of positive adjustment. The specific hypothesis is that children with diabetes that have older siblings who model adaptive coping and provide emotional and instrumental support will demonstrate better psychological functioning. We base that hypothesis on findings that suggest older siblings to be powerful socializing agents for children's cognitive, social, and emotional development. The specific aims are to: 1. Identify illness-related and common developmental stressors among children with diabetes. 2. Delineate typical coping strategies used to deal with these stressors, with particular attention paid to coping that incorporates sibling interaction. 3. Investigate the links between stress, coping and mental health (depression and anxiety) for children with diabetes and their siblings. 4. Identify factors (e.g., sex composition of the sibling dyad, illness history, pubertal development, locus of control, etc.) that modify associations between stress, coping and mental health.We will address these aims by using a family systems framework and by collecting data from 102 children (equally from African American, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic White populations) between the ages of 8 and 14 who have been diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes. These children, along with at least one parent and one older sibling will participate in 90-minute interviews designed to assess mental and physical health, stress, coping, and family interactions. Siblings will also participate in series of 7 follow-up phone calls over a 2-3 week period during which they will report on daily activities, including sibling interactions. Results are expected to have direct implications for effective diabetes intervention.