Individual and Contextual Effects of Rural and Non-Rural Adolescent Alcohol Use

描述（由申请人提供）：在理解个人层面，学校层面和社区层面因素之间的关系方面存在显着差距，因为它们与青少年饮酒有关。本研究旨在通过检查个人，学校和社区层面的变量来帮助缩小这一差距，因为它们与青少年饮酒和酒精相关问题的发生率，起始和病因有关。这项研究的具体目标是：“确定青少年饮酒的模式，按性别、年龄、学生种族、农村程度、地区和社区种族分列。评估个人、社区和学校层面的风险和保护因素对青少年饮酒的影响。“通过以下方式检查青少年酒精相关问题的模式：（1）性别，年龄，学生种族，农村程度，地区和社区种族;（2）酒精使用水平;（3）饮酒地点;（4）与酒精使用相关的社区和学校规范。“估计一个初始模型的年龄受访者第一次喝醉了，纳入社区和学校的背景变量到模型中。“按性别、年龄、学生种族、农村水平、地区、社区种族和饮酒成本检查饮酒地点和环境的类型。“确定社区特征，预测社区规范有关青少年饮酒和感知酒精的可用性。这项研究将使用从193个主要是白色农村社区，89个主要是少数民族（非洲裔美国人和墨西哥裔美国人）社区和非农村社区的比较样本收集的横断面数据的二次数据分析。样本来自一个战略性开发的抽样框架，旨在代表整个美国的农村地区。分析中将使用多级建模，包括多级逻辑回归、零膨胀泊松和两部分建模以及事件历史分析、交叉制表和回归分析。在干预发展方面，无论是预防和治疗，这项研究的结果将有助于划定的关键学校和社区一级的风险因素，可以纳入现有的干预模式的作用。酒精是美国青少年中使用最广泛的物质。有证据表明，社区和学校环境等环境对青年人的饮酒有重大影响。这项研究的结果将为旨在减少青少年饮酒和酒精相关问题风险的政策，预防和治疗工作提供信息。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): There are significant gaps in understanding the relationship between individual level, school level, and community level factors as they relate to adolescent alcohol use. This study seeks to help close that gap by examining individual, school, and community level variables as they relate to the incidence, initiation, and etiology of adolescent alcohol use and alcohol-related problems. The specific aims of this research are to: "Determine patterns of adolescent alcohol consumption by gender, age, student ethnicity, level of rurality, region, and ethnicity of community. "Estimate the effect of individual, community, and school-level risk and protective factors on adolescent alcohol use. "Examine patterns of adolescent alcohol-related problems by (1) gender, age, student ethnicity, level of rurality, region, and ethnicity of community; (2) level of alcohol use; (3) drinking locations; and (4) community and school norms related to alcohol use. "Estimate an initiation model for the age a respondent first got drunk, incorporating community and school contextual variables into the model. "Examine the types of drinking locations and contexts by gender, age, student ethnicity, level of rurality, region, ethnicity of community, and costs of drinking. "Identify community characteristics that predict community norms regarding adolescent alcohol use and perceived availability of alcohol. This study will use secondary data analysis of cross-sectional data collected from a sample of 193 predominantly white rural communities, 89 predominantly ethnic minority (African-American and Mexican-American) communities, and a comparison sample of non-rural communities. The sample was drawn from a strategically developed sampling frame designed to be representative of rural locations throughout the U.S. Multilevel modeling, including multilevel logistic regression, zero inflated poisson and two-part modeling, and event history analysis, cross tabulation and regression analysis will be used in the analyses. In terms of intervention development, both for prevention and treatment, the findings of this study will help delineate the role of key school and community level risk factors which can be incorporated into existing intervention paradigms. Alcohol is the most widely used substance among adolescents in the United States. There is evidence that contexts, such as community and school environments, have significant influence on alcohol use among youth. The results of this study will inform policy, prevention, and treatment efforts designed to reduce the risk of adolescent alcohol use and alcohol-related problems.