Measuring and Evaluating the Travel, Physical Activity and Carbon Impacts of Connect2

Connect2是一个投资1.38亿英镑的项目，在英国79个地点建设步行和骑行基础设施，为确定基础设施对步行和骑行的影响以及评估包括促销活动在内的其他干预措施的影响提供了一个独特的机会。挑战在于确保利用这一机会来填补证据空白、评估可转移性和影响政策。因此，该项目的目的是测量和评估干预措施的旅行、体育活动和碳影响，以改善步行和骑自行车的基础设施的连通性。为了实现这一目标，我们建立了一个由八个机构组成的跨学科联盟，这些机构在能源、环境、体育活动、公共卫生和交通研究以及计算机化城市建模方面具有专业知识。我们的目标是：(1)开发和完善测量工具和评估框架，以评估这些干预措施对旅行活动、身体活动和碳排放的影响；(2)在多达6个Connect2案例研究站点的有目的样本中，将这些方法应用于基于人群的纵向研究；(3)在一个Connect2站点（格拉斯哥的“无路之路”计划）进行随机对照试验，确定额外的促销干预措施可能带来的好处；(4)加强和整理Connect2所有站点的数据，以制定策略性评估措施。我们的方法方法将受到现实主义评估方法的影响，现实主义评估方法主张不仅要确定干预措施是否有效，还要了解为什么有效（或无效），以何种方式有效，对谁有效，在什么情况下有效。因此，我们将使用一份更长的自填家庭问卷收集有关背景、机制和结果的数据，我们预计主要案例研究中总共会有大约10,000份可用的回复；与Sustrans联合编写的较短的用户拦截问卷；从我们的研究群体中获得了更详细的客观测量。主要产出将是在战略性和更详细的地方各级改进一套衡量和评价工具，并使用一套不同的Connect2案例研究进行验证；关于基础设施和促进干预措施影响的证据，这将为政策和实践提供信息；以及战略效益和成本措施，这些措施将为政府的政策和对基础设施干预措施的评估提供信息和影响。这些产出将对中央政府、地方当局、活跃的旅行用户和学术界产生重大的普遍效益。

Connect2 is a 138 million investment programme in walking and cycling infrastructure at 79 sites across the UK that provides a unique opportunity to determine the impact of infrastructure provision on walking and cycling and to assess the impact of other interventions including promotional activities. The challenge is to ensure this opportunity is used to fill evidence gaps, assess transferability and influence policy. The aim of this project is therefore to measure and evaluate the travel, physical activity and carbon impacts of interventions to improve the connectivity of infrastructure for walking and cycling. To achieve this aim we have developed an interdisciplinary consortium of eight institutions with expertise in energy, environmental, physical activity, public health and transport research, as well as computerised urban modelling. Our objectives are: (1) to develop and refine measurement instruments and evaluation frameworks for assessing the effects of these interventions on travel activity, physical activity and carbon emissions; (2) to apply these methods in longitudinal population-based studies at a purposive sample of up to six Connect2 case study sites; (3) to determine the likely benefits of additional promotional interventions using a randomised controlled trial at one Connect2 site (provisionally the Road to Nowhere scheme in Glasgow); and (4) to enhance and collate data at all Connect2 sites to develop strategic evaluation measures. Our methodological approach will be informed by the realist approach to evaluation which advocates determining not simply whether an intervention has worked but also understanding why it is effective (or not), in what ways, for whom and in what circumstances. We will therefore collect data on context, mechanisms and outcomes using a longer self complete household questionnaire, to which we anticipate a total of approximately 10,000 useable responses from the main case studies; a shorter user intercept questionnaire, developed in conjunction with Sustrans; and more detailed objective measures from subsets of our study cohorts. The main outputs will be an improved set of measurement and evaluation tools at the strategic and more detailed, local levels, validated using a heterogeneous set of Connect2 case studies; evidence on the impacts of infrastructural and promotional interventions, which will inform policy and practice; and strategic benefit and cost measures which will inform and influence government policy and appraisal of infrastructural interventions. These outputs will have significant generic benefits for central government, local authorities, active travel users and academia.