GIS-Based Drug Abuse Monitoring System

描述（申请人提供）：为了满足NIDA对最先进的GIS工具的需求，以更有效地监测美国的药物滥用事件，物理光学公司（POC）提出开发新的基于GIS的药物滥用监测（GISDAM）系统，该系统基于POC的创新方法，使用数据挖掘方法进行指标关系推理，和标准的GIS空间分析手段。GISDAM基于两个独特的POC创新：基于使用数据挖掘方法生成学习参数的自动空间对象分类和关系推理的新算法，以及用于间接指标生成的新型ESRI ArcObjects扩展软件。拟议的GISDAM系统提供：（1）基于不同流行病学指标的多层表示的药物滥用模式和趋势的图形空间分析;（2）从选定的脱节社区到整个美国领土的模式和趋势分析结果的外推;（3）推断药物滥用流行病学特征和不同相关指标之间新关系的能力。GISDAM是ArcGIS的扩展，由三个主要的ActiveX DLL组成，提供：（1）原始数据导入MS Access数据库，将医疗和警察记录、人口统计数据、调查问卷等转换为MDB文件;（2）预测（推理）直接指标基于间接指标，通过自动分类与学习的基于数据挖掘的方法;（3）现成的软件功能包装器，提供通过单击可直接从ArcMap访问的工具栏或菜单元素来调用的一组功能。第一阶段原型将使用MS Access基于小型数据集实现GISDAM的基本功能。在第二阶段，POC将开发一个基于生产数据库管理系统（如Oracle或MS SQL Server）的全功能软件原型，并提供远程数据访问功能。公共卫生相关性：E美国的药物滥用对公众健康产生了负面影响，造成了巨大的人员和物质损失（例如，2002年有26，000人死亡），并降低了人们的工作能力。初步方案建议开发以现代地理信息系统为基础的计算机软件，以便能够有效监测药物滥用的格局和趋势，从而制定适当的预防药物滥用的医疗和社会措施。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): To address the NIDA need for state-of-the-art GIS tools for more efficient monitoring of drug abuse incidents in the United States, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop the novel GIS-based Drug Abuse Monitoring (GISDAM) system, based on a combination of POC's innovative approach for indicator relationship inference using methods of data mining, and standard GIS means of spatial analysis. GISDAM is based on two unique POC innovations: new algorithms for automatic spatial object classification and relationship inference based on using data mining approaches to generate learning parameters, and a novel ESRI ArcObjects extension software for indirect indicator generation. The proposed GISDAM system offers (1) graphic spatial analysis of drug abuse patterns and trends based on multiple layer representation of different epidemiological indicators; (2) extrapolation of pattern and trend analysis results, from selected disjointed communities to the entire U.S. territory; (3) the capability to infer new relationships between drug abuse epidemic characteristics and different relevant indicators. GISDAM is an extension of ArcGIS and consists of three main ActiveX DLLs, providing: (1) raw data import into the MS Access database, with the transformation of medical and police records, demographic data, survey questionnaires, etc. into MDB files; (2) prediction (inference) of direct indicators based on indirect indicators, through automatic classification with learning based on data mining methods; (3) off-the-shelf software functionality wrappers, offering a set of functions invoked by clicking on toolbar or menu elements accessible directly from ArcMap. The Phase I prototype will implement basic GISDAM functionality based on small datasets using MS Access. In Phase II, POC will develop a full functionality software prototype based on a production DBMS, such as Oracle or MS SQL Server with remote data access. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: E Drug abuse in the United States negatively influences public health, causing enormous human (for instance, 26,000 people died in 2002) and material damage, and lowers people's capacity for work. POC proposes the development of computer software based on modern geographic information systems, which will allow the effective monitoring of drug abuse patterns and trends to develop adequate medical and social measures for drug abuse prevention.