Exploring the Effects of TMS on Cortical Oscillations

描述(申请人提供)：人类的脑电记录研究揭示了大脑活动中存在振荡节律，不同频段的D振荡与工作D记忆等认知过程有关。此外，在精神疾病中，如精神分裂症，也会发现振荡活动的改变。然而，尽管它们有明显的相关性，但神经振荡在认知D过程中的作用还知之甚少。拟议的项目使用同步的经颅磁刺激(TMS)和脑电记录来探索这些问题。具体地说，本提案评估了两个关于TMS影响正在进行的神经活动从而影响D行为的机制的提案。第一种方案认为，TMS通过向与任务相关的D神经区注入电子噪声来实现其效果，从而产生特征性的性能下降。然而，这一建议与D关于TMS相关性能改善的研究结果不一致，这些发现已在几项研究中报道。因此，C另一种解释认为，TMS以微妙的方式与与特定任务的D表现相关的持续神经活动相互作用，根据交互的D性质产生干扰或改善表现。这个问题是在一个实验中探索的，该实验比较了10赫兹重复D(R)TMS对神经活动的影响，以及10赫兹视觉闪烁的影响，众所周知，10赫兹视觉闪烁会产生广泛的D夹带(即干扰)神经活动对闪烁频率的影响。另外两个实验探索了神经振荡中与任务相关的变化，以及TMS如何被用来改变这种振荡，从而在单个受试者水平上产生U级成绩的改善或中断。拟议的项目将有助于阐明神经刺激方法，如经颅磁刺激(TMS)如何影响正在进行的神经活动，并将决定性地有助于我们理解D神经振荡在工作记忆等认知过程中的作用。此外，这里开发的D方法将为TMS在探索和治疗精神疾病(如精神分裂症)中发现的异常D振荡指明了方向。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): EEG recording studies in humans have revealed the presence of oscillatory rhythms in brain activity, and D oscillations in different frequency bands have been associated with cognitive processes such as working D memory. Additionally, alterations of oscillatory activity are found in psychiatric illnesses such as D schizophrenia. Despite their apparent relevance, however, the role of neural oscillations in cognitive D processes are as yet poorly understood. The proposed project explores these issues using simultaneous D transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and EEG recording. Specifically, the present proposal assesses D two proposals regarding the mechanisms by which TMS influences ongoing neural activity and hence D behavior. The first proposal holds that TMS achieves it effects by injecting electrical noise into task-related D neural areas, producing characteristic declines in performance. However, this proposal is inconsistent with D findings of TMS-related improvements in performance, which have been reported in several studies. Thus, C an alternative account holds that TMS interacts in subtle ways with ongoing neural activity related to the D performance of specific tasks, producing disruptions or improvements in performance depending on the D nature of the interaction. This issue is explored in an experiment comparing the effects of 10-Hz repetitive D (r)TMS on neural activity, to the effects of 10-Hz visual flicker, which is known to produce widespread D entrainment (i.e. disruption) of neural activity to the flicker frequency. Two additional experiments explore 7 task-related changes in neural oscillations, and how TMS can be used to alter such oscillations, producing u improvements or disruptions in performance at the individual subject level. D D The proposed project will help to clarify how neurostimulation methods such as transcranial magnetic D stimulation (TMS) influence ongoing neural activity, and will contribute decisively to our understanding of D the role of neural oscillations in cognitive processes such as working memory. Moreover, the methods D developed here will point the way towards the use of TMS in the exploration and treatment of abnormal D oscillations found in psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia.