Precise 3D Photogrammetry Measurement of Human Body Surface

描述(申请人提供)：精确的人体三维测量对于假肢和矫形器的设计和制造是必不可少的。传统上，石膏绷带是用来成型和制作残肢的负模的。这是一个费力、耗时且令人不适的过程。产品的质量受制于实践者的经验，重复性和可控性较差。近年来，激光扫描因其易用性和高精度，被用于提供表面的三维测量和通过逆向工程方法重建三维表面。然而，较长的获取时间(通常在几分钟左右)不可避免地会引入与运动相关的失真。此外，激光扫描设备的高成本(通常为30,000-50,000美元)阻碍了其广泛应用。STTR第一阶段项目提出了一种基于近距离数字摄影测量(CRDP)的非接触式、经济高效的技术，与激光扫描相比，该技术以更低的成本和更短的采集时间(以秒为单位)提供人体表面的精确3D测量。该方法可以达到1 mm的测量精度。在第一阶段，将使用面包板系统对该方法进行实验测试，并对人体残肢模型进行测量。系统硬件包括商业级数码相机和一台光模式投影仪，系统成本低于3000美元。在第一阶段，将在Windows PC平台上开发CRDP算法和软件，对三维曲面重建结果进行验证，并通过计算均方根误差来评估测量结果的精度。系统性能将通过使用标准几何形状并与激光扫描结果进行比较来验证。最终目标是开发一个完整的3D计算机辅助测量/设计/制造流程，以显著提高假肢和矫形服务的生产率并降低成本。根据美国矫形师和修复师学会的数据，大约有6000名假肢医生--设计和安装假肢的医疗专业人员--在美国为190万截肢者提供服务。一个假肢的价格在2500美元到5万美元之间，成年人通常每隔一到三年就需要更换一次。建议的CRDP技术提供了一种创新的低成本解决方案，以满足公共卫生需求。CRDP技术将使190万肢体丧失者受益。诊所和私营公司可以在更短的时间内以更低的成本提供矫形和假肢服务。 与公共健康相关：据联邦数据估计，在美国境内，约有6000名义肢医生为190万名截肢者提供服务，一台义肢的价格在2500美元到5万美元之间，成年人通常每一到三年就需要更换一次。建议的近景数字摄影测量CRDP技术提供了一种低成本、高效率的创新解决方案，以满足公众健康需求。诊所和私营公司可以在更短的时间内以更低的成本提供矫形和假肢服务。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Precise 3-Dimensinal (3D) measurement of human body is essential for prostheses and orthoses design and manufacturing. Traditionally, plaster bandage was used for molding and producing negative mold of the residual limb. It is a laborious, time-consuming, and discomfort procedure. The quality of the resultant product is subject to practitioner's experience with poor repeatability and controllability. Recently, laser scanning has been used to provide 3D measurement of the surface and to reconstruct the 3D surface via a reverse engineering approach for its ease of use and high accuracy. However, the long acquisition time (usually around minutes) inevitably introduces movement-related distortion. Also the high cost of laser scanning equipment (usually $30,000-50,000) hinders its wide adoption This STTR Phase I project proposed a non-contact and cost-effective technology based on Close Range Digital Photogrammetry (CRDP) to provide precise 3D measurement of human body surface at a lower cost and shorter acquisition time (in seconds), compared to laser scanning. The proposed method will achieve 1 mm accuracy. In Phase I, the method will be tested experimentally using a breadboard system with measurements taken on a sample human residual limb mold. The system hardware includes commercial grade digital cameras and a light pattern projector, with system cost below $3,000. The CRDP algorithm and software will be developed on Windows PC platform and the results of 3D surface reconstruction will be validated in Phase I. The accuracy of the measurement results will be evaluated by calculating the Root-Mean-Squared error. The system performance will be validated by using standard geometry and by comparison with results from laser scanning. The ultimate goal is to develop a complete 3D computer aided Measurement/Design/Manufacturing flow to substantially improve the productivity of the prosthetic and orthotic service and lower the cost. According to the figures from the American Academy of Orthotists & Prosthetists, About 6,000 prosthetists--medical professionals who design and fit prostheses--served 1.9 million amputees within the United States. A prosthetic device can cost between $2,500 and $50,000 and an adult usually needs to replace it every one to three years. The proposed CRDP technology provides an innovative low-cost solution to address the public health need. The CRDP technology will benefit the 1.9 million people with limb loss. Clinics and private companies can deliver orthotic and prosthetic service at lower cost in a shorter time. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: According to federal data estimates, about 6,000 prosthetists served 1.9 million amputees within the United States, A prosthetic device can cost between $2,500 and $50,000 and an adult usually needs to replace it every one to three years. The proposed Close Range Digital Photogrammetry CRDP technology provides an innovative solution with low cost and high efficiency to address the public health need. Clinics and private companies can deliver orthotic and prosthetic service at a much lower cost in a shorter time.