Spatiotemporal Brain Imaging of Human Auditory Cognition

描述（由申请人提供）：我们的研究计划的总体目标是通过利用先进的时空脑成像方法结合功能磁共振成像，脑磁图和脑电图建立一个全面的理论理解人类听觉处理。在第一个资助周期中，我们使用时空成像来研究特征特异性神经元的瞬时适应在听觉感官记忆和前注意声音新奇检测中的作用。我们将继续研究这些早期听觉处理的机制，以解释大脑如何代表时间分布的声音信号（目标1）。此外，我们的新观点将调查范围从这些较低级别的机制扩展到来自声外影响的动态调制，包括选择性注意（Aim 2）和多感觉输入（Aim 3）的自上而下调制，它们在基于当前行为背景的自适应重塑神经元活动中发挥重要作用。此外，我们将继续开发新的实验范式和时空脑成像方法，以实现更准确和灵敏的非侵入性工具，用于研究人类听觉系统的功能组织。这项提议的主要意义在于，它所提出的工作将更好地理解负责人类大脑听觉处理的神经机制：尽管一系列成功的动物研究已经导致了几个相互竞争的假设的发展，但关于生理机制的信息仍然很少，这些生理机制使我们能够掌握嵌入在我们日常声学环境中的大量信息。我们提出的人类大脑活动的全面频谱和空间分析将揭示参与听觉处理的大脑区域的集合以及它们之间因果相互作用的顺序。听觉皮层结构/功能关系的经验信息可以被纳入人类听觉加工的计算模型。此外，我们的时空脑成像技术可能会提供显着的优势，在调查的临床疾病与异常的听觉感知功能。 公共卫生相关性这项研究计划使用先进的脑成像方法来研究人脑如何处理听觉信息。除了提供听觉感觉记忆，选择性注意和视觉对言语感知的影响的神经元机制的信息，我们的技术可能会提供显着的优势，在调查的各种疾病与异常的听觉感知功能，如精神分裂症。我们的科学成果还可能有助于开发语音检测算法以及助听器和假肢技术。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall goal of our research program is to build a comprehensive theoretical understanding of human auditory processing by utilizing advanced spatiotemporal brain imaging methods combining fMRI, MEG, and EEG. During the first funding cycle, we used spatiotemporal imaging to investigate the role of transient adaptation of feature-specific neurons in auditory sensory memory and pre-attentive sound novelty detection. We will continue to investigate these mechanisms of early auditory processing to explain how the brain represents temporally distributed sound signals (Aim 1). Furthermore, our new perspective expands the scope of the investigation from these lower-level mechanisms to dynamic modulations from extra-acoustic influences including top-down modulation of selective attention (Aim 2) and multisensory inputs (Aim 3), which play important roles in adaptively re-shaping neuronal activity based on the current behavioral context. In addition, we will continue to develop novel experimental paradigms and spatiotemporal brain imaging methods, to achieve more accurate and sensitive non-invasive tools for investigating the functional organization of the human auditory system. The major significance of this proposal is that the work it proposes will provide a better understanding of the neural mechanisms responsible of auditory processing in the human brain: Although a series of successful animal studies have led to the development of several competing hypotheses, a paucity of information exists about the physiological mechanisms that allow us to grasp the vast amount of information embedded within our everyday acoustic environment. Our proposed comprehensive spectral and spatial analysis of human brain activity will reveal the collection of brain regions involved in auditory processing as well as the sequence of their causal interactions. The empirical information on structure/function relationship in auditory cortex can be incorporated into computational models of human auditory processing. Furthermore, our spatiotemporal brain imaging techniques may provide significant advantages in the investigation of clinical disorders with abnormal auditory perceptual functions. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE This research program uses an advanced combination of brain imaging methods to investigate how the human brain processes auditory information. In addition to providing information on neuronal mechanisms on auditory sensory memory, selective attention, and visual influence on speech perception, our techniques may provide significant advantages in the investigation of a variety disorders with abnormal auditory perceptual functions, such as schizophrenia. Our scientific results may also help develop speech-detection algorithms as well as techniques for hearing aids and prosthetics.